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Autores principales: Al-Asi, Hussien, Reynolds, Jordan P, Agarwal, Shweta, Dangott, Bryan J, Nassar, Aziza, Akkus, Zeynettin
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2025
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Acceso en línea:https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.08590
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author Al-Asi, Hussien
Reynolds, Jordan P
Agarwal, Shweta
Dangott, Bryan J
Nassar, Aziza
Akkus, Zeynettin
author_facet Al-Asi, Hussien
Reynolds, Jordan P
Agarwal, Shweta
Dangott, Bryan J
Nassar, Aziza
Akkus, Zeynettin
contents Advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) are transforming pathology by integrat-ing large language models (LLMs) with retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) and domain-specific foundation models. This study explores the application of RAG-enhanced LLMs coupled with pathology foundation models for thyroid cytology diagnosis, addressing challenges in cytological interpretation, standardization, and diagnostic accuracy. By leveraging a curated knowledge base, RAG facilitates dy-namic retrieval of relevant case studies, diagnostic criteria, and expert interpreta-tion, improving the contextual understanding of LLMs. Meanwhile, pathology foun-dation models, trained on high-resolution pathology images, refine feature extrac-tion and classification capabilities. The fusion of these AI-driven approaches en-hances diagnostic consistency, reduces variability, and supports pathologists in dis-tinguishing benign from malignant thyroid lesions. Our results demonstrate that integrating RAG with pathology-specific LLMs significantly improves diagnostic efficiency and interpretability, paving the way for AI-assisted thyroid cytopathology, with foundation model UNI achieving AUC 0.73-0.93 for correct prediction of surgi-cal pathology diagnosis from thyroid cytology samples.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_08590
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
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spellingShingle Enhancing Thyroid Cytology Diagnosis with RAG-Optimized LLMs and Pa-thology Foundation Models
Al-Asi, Hussien
Reynolds, Jordan P
Agarwal, Shweta
Dangott, Bryan J
Nassar, Aziza
Akkus, Zeynettin
Computation and Language
Quantitative Methods
Advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) are transforming pathology by integrat-ing large language models (LLMs) with retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) and domain-specific foundation models. This study explores the application of RAG-enhanced LLMs coupled with pathology foundation models for thyroid cytology diagnosis, addressing challenges in cytological interpretation, standardization, and diagnostic accuracy. By leveraging a curated knowledge base, RAG facilitates dy-namic retrieval of relevant case studies, diagnostic criteria, and expert interpreta-tion, improving the contextual understanding of LLMs. Meanwhile, pathology foun-dation models, trained on high-resolution pathology images, refine feature extrac-tion and classification capabilities. The fusion of these AI-driven approaches en-hances diagnostic consistency, reduces variability, and supports pathologists in dis-tinguishing benign from malignant thyroid lesions. Our results demonstrate that integrating RAG with pathology-specific LLMs significantly improves diagnostic efficiency and interpretability, paving the way for AI-assisted thyroid cytopathology, with foundation model UNI achieving AUC 0.73-0.93 for correct prediction of surgi-cal pathology diagnosis from thyroid cytology samples.
title Enhancing Thyroid Cytology Diagnosis with RAG-Optimized LLMs and Pa-thology Foundation Models
topic Computation and Language
Quantitative Methods
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.08590