TiMo: Spatiotemporal Foundation Model for Satellite Image Time Series

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Qin, Xiaolei, Wang, Di, Zhang, Jing, Wang, Fengxiang, Su, Xin, Du, Bo, Zhang, Liangpei
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Qin, Xiaolei
Wang, Di
Zhang, Jing
Wang, Fengxiang
Su, Xin
Du, Bo
Zhang, Liangpei
author_facet Qin, Xiaolei
Wang, Di
Zhang, Jing
Wang, Fengxiang
Su, Xin
Du, Bo
Zhang, Liangpei
contents Satellite image time series (SITS) provide continuous observations of the Earth's surface, making them essential for applications such as environmental management and disaster assessment. However, existing spatiotemporal foundation models rely on plain vision transformers, which encode entire temporal sequences without explicitly capturing multiscale spatiotemporal relationships between land objects. This limitation hinders their effectiveness in downstream tasks. To overcome this challenge, we propose TiMo, a novel hierarchical vision transformer foundation model tailored for SITS analysis. At its core, we introduce a spatiotemporal gyroscope attention mechanism that dynamically captures evolving multiscale patterns across both time and space. For pre-training, we curate MillionST, a large-scale dataset of one million images from 100,000 geographic locations, each captured across 10 temporal phases over five years, encompassing diverse geospatial changes and seasonal variations. Leveraging this dataset, we adapt masked image modeling to pre-train TiMo, enabling it to effectively learn and encode generalizable spatiotemporal representations.Extensive experiments across multiple spatiotemporal tasks-including deforestation monitoring, land cover segmentation, crop type classification, and flood detection-demonstrate TiMo's superiority over state-of-the-art methods. Code, model, and dataset will be released at https://github.com/MiliLab/TiMo.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_08723
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle TiMo: Spatiotemporal Foundation Model for Satellite Image Time Series
Qin, Xiaolei
Wang, Di
Zhang, Jing
Wang, Fengxiang
Su, Xin
Du, Bo
Zhang, Liangpei
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Satellite image time series (SITS) provide continuous observations of the Earth's surface, making them essential for applications such as environmental management and disaster assessment. However, existing spatiotemporal foundation models rely on plain vision transformers, which encode entire temporal sequences without explicitly capturing multiscale spatiotemporal relationships between land objects. This limitation hinders their effectiveness in downstream tasks. To overcome this challenge, we propose TiMo, a novel hierarchical vision transformer foundation model tailored for SITS analysis. At its core, we introduce a spatiotemporal gyroscope attention mechanism that dynamically captures evolving multiscale patterns across both time and space. For pre-training, we curate MillionST, a large-scale dataset of one million images from 100,000 geographic locations, each captured across 10 temporal phases over five years, encompassing diverse geospatial changes and seasonal variations. Leveraging this dataset, we adapt masked image modeling to pre-train TiMo, enabling it to effectively learn and encode generalizable spatiotemporal representations.Extensive experiments across multiple spatiotemporal tasks-including deforestation monitoring, land cover segmentation, crop type classification, and flood detection-demonstrate TiMo's superiority over state-of-the-art methods. Code, model, and dataset will be released at https://github.com/MiliLab/TiMo.
title TiMo: Spatiotemporal Foundation Model for Satellite Image Time Series
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.08723