Evidence of polar and ultralow supernova kicks from the orbits of Be X-ray binaries

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Valli, Ruggero, de Mink, Selma E., Justham, Stephen, Callister, Thomas, Johnston, Cole, Kresse, Daniel, Langer, Norbert, Rubio, Amanda C., Vigna-Gómez, Alejandro, Wang, Chen
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Valli, Ruggero
de Mink, Selma E.
Justham, Stephen
Callister, Thomas
Johnston, Cole
Kresse, Daniel
Langer, Norbert
Rubio, Amanda C.
Vigna-Gómez, Alejandro
Wang, Chen
author_facet Valli, Ruggero
de Mink, Selma E.
Justham, Stephen
Callister, Thomas
Johnston, Cole
Kresse, Daniel
Langer, Norbert
Rubio, Amanda C.
Vigna-Gómez, Alejandro
Wang, Chen
contents Supernovae, the explosive deaths of massive stars, create heavy elements and form black holes and neutron stars. These compact objects often receive a velocity at formation, a "kick" whose physical origin remains debated. We investigate kicks in Be X-ray binaries, containing a neutron star and a rapidly spinning companion. We identify two distinct populations: one with kicks below $10\,\rm{km}\,\rm{s}^{-1}$, much lower than theoretical predictions, and another with kicks around $100\,\rm{km}\,\rm{s}^{-1}$, that shows evidence for being aligned within 5 degrees of the progenitor's rotation axis. The distribution of progenitor masses for the two populations have medians around $2.3\,\rm{M}_\odot$ and $4.9\,\rm{M}_\odot$, corresponding to stars with birth masses of about $10\,\rm{M}_\odot$ and $15\,\rm{M}_\odot$. The second component matches the low-velocity mode observed in isolated pulsars. Combined with the known high-velocity component, which dominates isolated pulsars, this suggests three distinct kick modes. These results reveal previously unrecognized diversity in neutron-star formation.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_08857
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Evidence of polar and ultralow supernova kicks from the orbits of Be X-ray binaries
Valli, Ruggero
de Mink, Selma E.
Justham, Stephen
Callister, Thomas
Johnston, Cole
Kresse, Daniel
Langer, Norbert
Rubio, Amanda C.
Vigna-Gómez, Alejandro
Wang, Chen
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Supernovae, the explosive deaths of massive stars, create heavy elements and form black holes and neutron stars. These compact objects often receive a velocity at formation, a "kick" whose physical origin remains debated. We investigate kicks in Be X-ray binaries, containing a neutron star and a rapidly spinning companion. We identify two distinct populations: one with kicks below $10\,\rm{km}\,\rm{s}^{-1}$, much lower than theoretical predictions, and another with kicks around $100\,\rm{km}\,\rm{s}^{-1}$, that shows evidence for being aligned within 5 degrees of the progenitor's rotation axis. The distribution of progenitor masses for the two populations have medians around $2.3\,\rm{M}_\odot$ and $4.9\,\rm{M}_\odot$, corresponding to stars with birth masses of about $10\,\rm{M}_\odot$ and $15\,\rm{M}_\odot$. The second component matches the low-velocity mode observed in isolated pulsars. Combined with the known high-velocity component, which dominates isolated pulsars, this suggests three distinct kick modes. These results reveal previously unrecognized diversity in neutron-star formation.
title Evidence of polar and ultralow supernova kicks from the orbits of Be X-ray binaries
topic High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.08857