MIPHEI-ViT: Multiplex Immunofluorescence Prediction from H&E Images using ViT Foundation Models

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Main Authors: Balezo, Guillaume, Trullo, Roger, Planas, Albert Pla, Decenciere, Etienne, Walter, Thomas
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Balezo, Guillaume
Trullo, Roger
Planas, Albert Pla
Decenciere, Etienne
Walter, Thomas
author_facet Balezo, Guillaume
Trullo, Roger
Planas, Albert Pla
Decenciere, Etienne
Walter, Thomas
contents Histopathological analysis is a cornerstone of cancer diagnosis, with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining routinely acquired for every patient to visualize cell morphology and tissue architecture. On the other hand, multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) enables more precise cell type identification via proteomic markers, but has yet to achieve widespread clinical adoption due to cost and logistical constraints. To bridge this gap, we introduce MIPHEI (Multiplex Immunofluorescence Prediction from H&E Images), a U-Net-inspired architecture that leverages a ViT pathology foundation model as encoder to predict mIF signals from H&E images using rich pretrained representations. MIPHEI targets a comprehensive panel of markers spanning nuclear content, immune lineages (T cells, B cells, myeloid), epithelium, stroma, vasculature, and proliferation. We train our model using the publicly available OrionCRC dataset of restained H&E and mIF images from colorectal cancer tissue, and validate it on five independent datasets: HEMIT, PathoCell, IMMUcan, Lizard and PanNuke. On OrionCRC test set, MIPHEI achieves accurate cell-type classification from H&E alone, with F1 scores of 0.93 for Pan-CK, 0.83 for alpha-SMA, 0.68 for CD3e, 0.36 for CD20, and 0.28 for CD68, substantially outperforming both a state-of-the-art baseline and a random classifier for most markers. Our results indicate that, for some molecular markers, our model captures the complex relationships between nuclear morphologies in their tissue context, as visible in H&E images and molecular markers defining specific cell types. MIPHEI offers a promising step toward enabling cell-type-aware analysis of large-scale H&E datasets, in view of uncovering relationships between spatial cellular organization and patient outcomes.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_10294
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle MIPHEI-ViT: Multiplex Immunofluorescence Prediction from H&E Images using ViT Foundation Models
Balezo, Guillaume
Trullo, Roger
Planas, Albert Pla
Decenciere, Etienne
Walter, Thomas
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Tissues and Organs
68T07 (Primary), 92C55 (Secondary)
I.4.9; I.2.10; I.5.4; J.3
Histopathological analysis is a cornerstone of cancer diagnosis, with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining routinely acquired for every patient to visualize cell morphology and tissue architecture. On the other hand, multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) enables more precise cell type identification via proteomic markers, but has yet to achieve widespread clinical adoption due to cost and logistical constraints. To bridge this gap, we introduce MIPHEI (Multiplex Immunofluorescence Prediction from H&E Images), a U-Net-inspired architecture that leverages a ViT pathology foundation model as encoder to predict mIF signals from H&E images using rich pretrained representations. MIPHEI targets a comprehensive panel of markers spanning nuclear content, immune lineages (T cells, B cells, myeloid), epithelium, stroma, vasculature, and proliferation. We train our model using the publicly available OrionCRC dataset of restained H&E and mIF images from colorectal cancer tissue, and validate it on five independent datasets: HEMIT, PathoCell, IMMUcan, Lizard and PanNuke. On OrionCRC test set, MIPHEI achieves accurate cell-type classification from H&E alone, with F1 scores of 0.93 for Pan-CK, 0.83 for alpha-SMA, 0.68 for CD3e, 0.36 for CD20, and 0.28 for CD68, substantially outperforming both a state-of-the-art baseline and a random classifier for most markers. Our results indicate that, for some molecular markers, our model captures the complex relationships between nuclear morphologies in their tissue context, as visible in H&E images and molecular markers defining specific cell types. MIPHEI offers a promising step toward enabling cell-type-aware analysis of large-scale H&E datasets, in view of uncovering relationships between spatial cellular organization and patient outcomes.
title MIPHEI-ViT: Multiplex Immunofluorescence Prediction from H&E Images using ViT Foundation Models
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Tissues and Organs
68T07 (Primary), 92C55 (Secondary)
I.4.9; I.2.10; I.5.4; J.3
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.10294