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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.10333 |
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| author | Dahale, Rohan Cho, Ilje Moriyama, Kotaro Wiik, Kaj Tiede, Paul Gómez, José L. Chan, Chi-kwan Gold, Roman Bernshteyn, Vadim Y. Foschi, Marianna Jeter, Britton Pu, Hung-Yi Georgiev, Boris Joshi, Abhishek V. Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro Natarajan, Iniyan Broderick, Avery E. Salas, León D. S. Chatterjee, Koushik Akiyama, Kazunori Albentosa-Ruíz, Ezequiel Alberdi, Antxon Alef, Walter Algaba, Juan Carlos Anantua, Richard Asada, Keiichi Azulay, Rebecca Bach, Uwe Baczko, Anne-Kathrin Ball, David Baloković, Mislav Bandyopadhyay, Bidisha Barrett, John Bauböck, Michi Benson, Bradford A. Bintley, Dan Blackburn, Lindy Blundell, Raymond Bouman, Katherine L. Bower, Geoffrey C. Bremer, Michael Brissenden, Roger Britzen, Silke Broguiere, Dominique Bronzwaer, Thomas Bustamante, Sandra Carlos, Douglas Ferreira Carlstrom, John E. Chael, Andrew Chang, Dominic O. Chatterjee, Shami Chen, Ming-Tang Chen, Yongjun Cheng, Xiaopeng Christian, Pierre Conroy, Nicholas S. Conway, John E. Crawford, Thomas M. Crew, Geoffrey B. Cui, Yuzhu Curd, Brandon Davelaar, Jordy De Laurentis, Mariafelicia Deane, Roger Dempsey, Jessica Desvignes, Gregory Dexter, Jason Dhruv, Vedant Dihingia, Indu K. Doeleman, Sheperd S. Dzib, Sergio A. Eatough, Ralph P. Emami, Razieh Falcke, Heino Farah, Joseph Fish, Vincent L. Fomalont, Edward Ford, H. Alyson Fraga-Encinas, Raquel Freeman, William T. Friberg, Per Fromm, Christian M. Fuentes, Antonio Galison, Peter Gammie, Charles F. García, Roberto Gentaz, Olivier Geertsema, Gertie Goddi, Ciriaco Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I. Gu, Minfeng Gurwell, Mark Hada, Kazuhiro Haggard, Daryl Hesper, Ronald Heumann, Dirk Ho, Luis C. Ho, Paul Honma, Mareki Huang, Chih-Wei L. Huang, Lei Hughes, David H. Ikeda, Shiro Impellizzeri, C. M. Violette Inoue, Makoto Issaoun, Sara James, David J. Jannuzi, Buell T. Janssen, Michael Jiang, Wu Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra Johnson, Michael D. Jorstad, Svetlana Jones, Adam C. Jung, Taehyun Karuppusamy, Ramesh Kawashima, Tomohisa Keating, Garrett K. Kettenis, Mark Kim, Dong-Jin Kim, Jae-Young Kim, Jongsoo Kim, Junhan Kino, Motoki Koay, Jun Yi Kocherlakota, Prashant Kofuji, Yutaro Koch, Patrick M. Koyama, Shoko Kramer, Carsten Kramer, Joana A. Kramer, Michael Krichbaum, Thomas P. Kuo, Cheng-Yu La Bella, Noemi Lee, Sang-Sung Levis, Aviad Li, Zhiyuan Lico, Rocco Lindahl, Greg Lindqvist, Michael Lisakov, Mikhail Liu, Jun Liu, Kuo Liuzzo, Elisabetta Lo, Wen-Ping Lobanov, Andrei P. Loinard, Laurent Lonsdale, Colin J. Lowitz, Amy E. Lu, Ru-Sen MacDonald, Nicholas R. Mao, Jirong Marchili, Nicola Markoff, Sera Marrone, Daniel P. Marscher, Alan P. Martí-Vidal, Iván Matsushita, Satoki Matthews, Lynn D. Medeiros, Lia Menten, Karl M. Mizuno, Izumi Mizuno, Yosuke Montgomery, Joshua Moran, James M. Moscibrodzka, Monika Mulaudzi, Wanga Müller, Cornelia Müller, Hendrik Mus, Alejandro Musoke, Gibwa Myserlis, Ioannis Nagai, Hiroshi Nagar, Neil M. Nair, Dhanya G. Nakamura, Masanori Narayanan, Gopal Nathanail, Antonios Fuentes, Santiago Navarro Neilsen, Joey Ni, Chunchong Nowak, Michael A. Oh, Junghwan Okino, Hiroki Sánchez, Héctor Raúl Olivares Oyama, Tomoaki Özel, Feryal Palumbo, Daniel C. M. Paraschos, Georgios Filippos Park, Jongho Parsons, Harriet Patel, Nimesh Pen, Ue-Li Pesce, Dominic W. Piétu, Vincent PopStefanija, Aleksandar Porth, Oliver Prather, Ben Principe, Giacomo Psaltis, Dimitrios Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh Rao, Ramprasad Rawlings, Mark G. Rezzolla, Luciano Ricarte, Angelo Ripperda, Bart Röder, Jan Roelofs, Freek Romero-Cañizales, Cristina Ros, Eduardo Roshanineshat, Arash Rottmann, Helge Roy, Alan L. Ruiz, Ignacio Ruszczyk, Chet Rygl, Kazi L. J. Sánchez, Salvador Sánchez-Argüelles, David Sánchez-Portal, Miguel Sasada, Mahito Satapathy, Kaushik Saurabh Savolainen, Tuomas Schloerb, F. Peter Schonfeld, Jonathan Schuster, Karl-Friedrich Shao, Lijing Shen, Zhiqiang Silpa, Sasikumar Small, Des Sohn, Bong Won SooHoo, Jason Souccar, Kamal Stanway, Joshua S. Sun, He Tazaki, Fumie Tetarenko, Alexandra J. Tilanus, Remo P. J. Titus, Michael Toma, Kenji Torne, Pablo Toscano, Teresa Traianou, Efthalia Trent, Tyler Trippe, Sascha Turk, Matthew van Bemmel, Ilse van Langevelde, Huib Jan van Rossum, Daniel R. Vos, Jesse Wagner, Jan Ward-Thompson, Derek Wardle, John Washington, Jasmin E. Weintroub, Jonathan Wharton, Robert Wielgus, Maciek Witzel, Gunther Wondrak, Michael F. Wong, George N. Wu, Qingwen Yadlapalli, Nitika Yamaguchi, Paul Yfantis, Aristomenis Yoon, Doosoo Young, André Younsi, Ziri Yu, Wei Yuan, Feng Yuan, Ye-Fei Zeng, Ai-Ling Zensus, J. Anton Zhang, Shuo Zhao, Guang-Yao Zhao, Shan-Shan |
| author_facet | Dahale, Rohan Cho, Ilje Moriyama, Kotaro Wiik, Kaj Tiede, Paul Gómez, José L. Chan, Chi-kwan Gold, Roman Bernshteyn, Vadim Y. Foschi, Marianna Jeter, Britton Pu, Hung-Yi Georgiev, Boris Joshi, Abhishek V. Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro Natarajan, Iniyan Broderick, Avery E. Salas, León D. S. Chatterjee, Koushik Akiyama, Kazunori Albentosa-Ruíz, Ezequiel Alberdi, Antxon Alef, Walter Algaba, Juan Carlos Anantua, Richard Asada, Keiichi Azulay, Rebecca Bach, Uwe Baczko, Anne-Kathrin Ball, David Baloković, Mislav Bandyopadhyay, Bidisha Barrett, John Bauböck, Michi Benson, Bradford A. Bintley, Dan Blackburn, Lindy Blundell, Raymond Bouman, Katherine L. Bower, Geoffrey C. Bremer, Michael Brissenden, Roger Britzen, Silke Broguiere, Dominique Bronzwaer, Thomas Bustamante, Sandra Carlos, Douglas Ferreira Carlstrom, John E. Chael, Andrew Chang, Dominic O. Chatterjee, Shami Chen, Ming-Tang Chen, Yongjun Cheng, Xiaopeng Christian, Pierre Conroy, Nicholas S. Conway, John E. Crawford, Thomas M. Crew, Geoffrey B. Cui, Yuzhu Curd, Brandon Davelaar, Jordy De Laurentis, Mariafelicia Deane, Roger Dempsey, Jessica Desvignes, Gregory Dexter, Jason Dhruv, Vedant Dihingia, Indu K. Doeleman, Sheperd S. Dzib, Sergio A. Eatough, Ralph P. Emami, Razieh Falcke, Heino Farah, Joseph Fish, Vincent L. Fomalont, Edward Ford, H. Alyson Fraga-Encinas, Raquel Freeman, William T. Friberg, Per Fromm, Christian M. Fuentes, Antonio Galison, Peter Gammie, Charles F. García, Roberto Gentaz, Olivier Geertsema, Gertie Goddi, Ciriaco Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I. Gu, Minfeng Gurwell, Mark Hada, Kazuhiro Haggard, Daryl Hesper, Ronald Heumann, Dirk Ho, Luis C. Ho, Paul Honma, Mareki Huang, Chih-Wei L. Huang, Lei Hughes, David H. Ikeda, Shiro Impellizzeri, C. M. Violette Inoue, Makoto Issaoun, Sara James, David J. Jannuzi, Buell T. Janssen, Michael Jiang, Wu Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra Johnson, Michael D. Jorstad, Svetlana Jones, Adam C. Jung, Taehyun Karuppusamy, Ramesh Kawashima, Tomohisa Keating, Garrett K. Kettenis, Mark Kim, Dong-Jin Kim, Jae-Young Kim, Jongsoo Kim, Junhan Kino, Motoki Koay, Jun Yi Kocherlakota, Prashant Kofuji, Yutaro Koch, Patrick M. Koyama, Shoko Kramer, Carsten Kramer, Joana A. Kramer, Michael Krichbaum, Thomas P. Kuo, Cheng-Yu La Bella, Noemi Lee, Sang-Sung Levis, Aviad Li, Zhiyuan Lico, Rocco Lindahl, Greg Lindqvist, Michael Lisakov, Mikhail Liu, Jun Liu, Kuo Liuzzo, Elisabetta Lo, Wen-Ping Lobanov, Andrei P. Loinard, Laurent Lonsdale, Colin J. Lowitz, Amy E. Lu, Ru-Sen MacDonald, Nicholas R. Mao, Jirong Marchili, Nicola Markoff, Sera Marrone, Daniel P. Marscher, Alan P. Martí-Vidal, Iván Matsushita, Satoki Matthews, Lynn D. Medeiros, Lia Menten, Karl M. Mizuno, Izumi Mizuno, Yosuke Montgomery, Joshua Moran, James M. Moscibrodzka, Monika Mulaudzi, Wanga Müller, Cornelia Müller, Hendrik Mus, Alejandro Musoke, Gibwa Myserlis, Ioannis Nagai, Hiroshi Nagar, Neil M. Nair, Dhanya G. Nakamura, Masanori Narayanan, Gopal Nathanail, Antonios Fuentes, Santiago Navarro Neilsen, Joey Ni, Chunchong Nowak, Michael A. Oh, Junghwan Okino, Hiroki Sánchez, Héctor Raúl Olivares Oyama, Tomoaki Özel, Feryal Palumbo, Daniel C. M. Paraschos, Georgios Filippos Park, Jongho Parsons, Harriet Patel, Nimesh Pen, Ue-Li Pesce, Dominic W. Piétu, Vincent PopStefanija, Aleksandar Porth, Oliver Prather, Ben Principe, Giacomo Psaltis, Dimitrios Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh Rao, Ramprasad Rawlings, Mark G. Rezzolla, Luciano Ricarte, Angelo Ripperda, Bart Röder, Jan Roelofs, Freek Romero-Cañizales, Cristina Ros, Eduardo Roshanineshat, Arash Rottmann, Helge Roy, Alan L. Ruiz, Ignacio Ruszczyk, Chet Rygl, Kazi L. J. Sánchez, Salvador Sánchez-Argüelles, David Sánchez-Portal, Miguel Sasada, Mahito Satapathy, Kaushik Saurabh Savolainen, Tuomas Schloerb, F. Peter Schonfeld, Jonathan Schuster, Karl-Friedrich Shao, Lijing Shen, Zhiqiang Silpa, Sasikumar Small, Des Sohn, Bong Won SooHoo, Jason Souccar, Kamal Stanway, Joshua S. Sun, He Tazaki, Fumie Tetarenko, Alexandra J. Tilanus, Remo P. J. Titus, Michael Toma, Kenji Torne, Pablo Toscano, Teresa Traianou, Efthalia Trent, Tyler Trippe, Sascha Turk, Matthew van Bemmel, Ilse van Langevelde, Huib Jan van Rossum, Daniel R. Vos, Jesse Wagner, Jan Ward-Thompson, Derek Wardle, John Washington, Jasmin E. Weintroub, Jonathan Wharton, Robert Wielgus, Maciek Witzel, Gunther Wondrak, Michael F. Wong, George N. Wu, Qingwen Yadlapalli, Nitika Yamaguchi, Paul Yfantis, Aristomenis Yoon, Doosoo Young, André Younsi, Ziri Yu, Wei Yuan, Feng Yuan, Ye-Fei Zeng, Ai-Ling Zensus, J. Anton Zhang, Shuo Zhao, Guang-Yao Zhao, Shan-Shan |
| contents | We investigate the origin of the elliptical ring structure observed in the images of the supermassive black hole M87*, aiming to disentangle contributions from gravitational, astrophysical, and imaging effects. Leveraging the enhanced capabilities of the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) 2018 array, including improved $(u,v)$-coverage from the Greenland Telescope, we measure the ring's ellipticity using five independent imaging methods, obtaining a consistent average value of $τ= 0.08_{-0.02}^{+0.03}$ with a position angle $ξ= 50.1_{-7.6}^{+6.2}$ degrees. To interpret this measurement, we compare against General Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations spanning a wide range of physical parameters including thermal or non-thermal electron distribution function, spins, and ion-to-electron temperature ratios in both low and high-density regions. We find no statistically significant correlation between spin and ellipticity in GRMHD images. Instead, we identify a correlation between ellipticity and the fraction of non-ring emission, particularly in non-thermal models and models with higher jet emission. These results indicate that the ellipticity measured from the \m87 emission structure is consistent with that expected from simulations of turbulent accretion flows around black holes, where it is dominated by astrophysical effects rather than gravitational ones. Future high-resolution imaging, including space very long baseline interferometry and long-term monitoring, will be essential to isolate gravitational signatures from astrophysical effects. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_10333 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Origin of the ring ellipticity in the black hole images of M87* Dahale, Rohan Cho, Ilje Moriyama, Kotaro Wiik, Kaj Tiede, Paul Gómez, José L. Chan, Chi-kwan Gold, Roman Bernshteyn, Vadim Y. Foschi, Marianna Jeter, Britton Pu, Hung-Yi Georgiev, Boris Joshi, Abhishek V. Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro Natarajan, Iniyan Broderick, Avery E. Salas, León D. S. Chatterjee, Koushik Akiyama, Kazunori Albentosa-Ruíz, Ezequiel Alberdi, Antxon Alef, Walter Algaba, Juan Carlos Anantua, Richard Asada, Keiichi Azulay, Rebecca Bach, Uwe Baczko, Anne-Kathrin Ball, David Baloković, Mislav Bandyopadhyay, Bidisha Barrett, John Bauböck, Michi Benson, Bradford A. Bintley, Dan Blackburn, Lindy Blundell, Raymond Bouman, Katherine L. Bower, Geoffrey C. Bremer, Michael Brissenden, Roger Britzen, Silke Broguiere, Dominique Bronzwaer, Thomas Bustamante, Sandra Carlos, Douglas Ferreira Carlstrom, John E. Chael, Andrew Chang, Dominic O. Chatterjee, Shami Chen, Ming-Tang Chen, Yongjun Cheng, Xiaopeng Christian, Pierre Conroy, Nicholas S. Conway, John E. Crawford, Thomas M. Crew, Geoffrey B. Cui, Yuzhu Curd, Brandon Davelaar, Jordy De Laurentis, Mariafelicia Deane, Roger Dempsey, Jessica Desvignes, Gregory Dexter, Jason Dhruv, Vedant Dihingia, Indu K. Doeleman, Sheperd S. Dzib, Sergio A. Eatough, Ralph P. Emami, Razieh Falcke, Heino Farah, Joseph Fish, Vincent L. Fomalont, Edward Ford, H. Alyson Fraga-Encinas, Raquel Freeman, William T. Friberg, Per Fromm, Christian M. Fuentes, Antonio Galison, Peter Gammie, Charles F. García, Roberto Gentaz, Olivier Geertsema, Gertie Goddi, Ciriaco Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I. Gu, Minfeng Gurwell, Mark Hada, Kazuhiro Haggard, Daryl Hesper, Ronald Heumann, Dirk Ho, Luis C. Ho, Paul Honma, Mareki Huang, Chih-Wei L. Huang, Lei Hughes, David H. Ikeda, Shiro Impellizzeri, C. M. Violette Inoue, Makoto Issaoun, Sara James, David J. Jannuzi, Buell T. Janssen, Michael Jiang, Wu Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra Johnson, Michael D. Jorstad, Svetlana Jones, Adam C. Jung, Taehyun Karuppusamy, Ramesh Kawashima, Tomohisa Keating, Garrett K. Kettenis, Mark Kim, Dong-Jin Kim, Jae-Young Kim, Jongsoo Kim, Junhan Kino, Motoki Koay, Jun Yi Kocherlakota, Prashant Kofuji, Yutaro Koch, Patrick M. Koyama, Shoko Kramer, Carsten Kramer, Joana A. Kramer, Michael Krichbaum, Thomas P. Kuo, Cheng-Yu La Bella, Noemi Lee, Sang-Sung Levis, Aviad Li, Zhiyuan Lico, Rocco Lindahl, Greg Lindqvist, Michael Lisakov, Mikhail Liu, Jun Liu, Kuo Liuzzo, Elisabetta Lo, Wen-Ping Lobanov, Andrei P. Loinard, Laurent Lonsdale, Colin J. Lowitz, Amy E. Lu, Ru-Sen MacDonald, Nicholas R. Mao, Jirong Marchili, Nicola Markoff, Sera Marrone, Daniel P. Marscher, Alan P. Martí-Vidal, Iván Matsushita, Satoki Matthews, Lynn D. Medeiros, Lia Menten, Karl M. Mizuno, Izumi Mizuno, Yosuke Montgomery, Joshua Moran, James M. Moscibrodzka, Monika Mulaudzi, Wanga Müller, Cornelia Müller, Hendrik Mus, Alejandro Musoke, Gibwa Myserlis, Ioannis Nagai, Hiroshi Nagar, Neil M. Nair, Dhanya G. Nakamura, Masanori Narayanan, Gopal Nathanail, Antonios Fuentes, Santiago Navarro Neilsen, Joey Ni, Chunchong Nowak, Michael A. Oh, Junghwan Okino, Hiroki Sánchez, Héctor Raúl Olivares Oyama, Tomoaki Özel, Feryal Palumbo, Daniel C. M. Paraschos, Georgios Filippos Park, Jongho Parsons, Harriet Patel, Nimesh Pen, Ue-Li Pesce, Dominic W. Piétu, Vincent PopStefanija, Aleksandar Porth, Oliver Prather, Ben Principe, Giacomo Psaltis, Dimitrios Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh Rao, Ramprasad Rawlings, Mark G. Rezzolla, Luciano Ricarte, Angelo Ripperda, Bart Röder, Jan Roelofs, Freek Romero-Cañizales, Cristina Ros, Eduardo Roshanineshat, Arash Rottmann, Helge Roy, Alan L. Ruiz, Ignacio Ruszczyk, Chet Rygl, Kazi L. J. Sánchez, Salvador Sánchez-Argüelles, David Sánchez-Portal, Miguel Sasada, Mahito Satapathy, Kaushik Saurabh Savolainen, Tuomas Schloerb, F. Peter Schonfeld, Jonathan Schuster, Karl-Friedrich Shao, Lijing Shen, Zhiqiang Silpa, Sasikumar Small, Des Sohn, Bong Won SooHoo, Jason Souccar, Kamal Stanway, Joshua S. Sun, He Tazaki, Fumie Tetarenko, Alexandra J. Tilanus, Remo P. J. Titus, Michael Toma, Kenji Torne, Pablo Toscano, Teresa Traianou, Efthalia Trent, Tyler Trippe, Sascha Turk, Matthew van Bemmel, Ilse van Langevelde, Huib Jan van Rossum, Daniel R. Vos, Jesse Wagner, Jan Ward-Thompson, Derek Wardle, John Washington, Jasmin E. Weintroub, Jonathan Wharton, Robert Wielgus, Maciek Witzel, Gunther Wondrak, Michael F. Wong, George N. Wu, Qingwen Yadlapalli, Nitika Yamaguchi, Paul Yfantis, Aristomenis Yoon, Doosoo Young, André Younsi, Ziri Yu, Wei Yuan, Feng Yuan, Ye-Fei Zeng, Ai-Ling Zensus, J. Anton Zhang, Shuo Zhao, Guang-Yao Zhao, Shan-Shan High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena We investigate the origin of the elliptical ring structure observed in the images of the supermassive black hole M87*, aiming to disentangle contributions from gravitational, astrophysical, and imaging effects. Leveraging the enhanced capabilities of the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) 2018 array, including improved $(u,v)$-coverage from the Greenland Telescope, we measure the ring's ellipticity using five independent imaging methods, obtaining a consistent average value of $τ= 0.08_{-0.02}^{+0.03}$ with a position angle $ξ= 50.1_{-7.6}^{+6.2}$ degrees. To interpret this measurement, we compare against General Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations spanning a wide range of physical parameters including thermal or non-thermal electron distribution function, spins, and ion-to-electron temperature ratios in both low and high-density regions. We find no statistically significant correlation between spin and ellipticity in GRMHD images. Instead, we identify a correlation between ellipticity and the fraction of non-ring emission, particularly in non-thermal models and models with higher jet emission. These results indicate that the ellipticity measured from the \m87 emission structure is consistent with that expected from simulations of turbulent accretion flows around black holes, where it is dominated by astrophysical effects rather than gravitational ones. Future high-resolution imaging, including space very long baseline interferometry and long-term monitoring, will be essential to isolate gravitational signatures from astrophysical effects. |
| title | Origin of the ring ellipticity in the black hole images of M87* |
| topic | High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.10333 |