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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Aronow, P. M., Jang, Austin, Offer-Westort, Molly
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.10519
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author Aronow, P. M.
Jang, Austin
Offer-Westort, Molly
author_facet Aronow, P. M.
Jang, Austin
Offer-Westort, Molly
contents The design-based paradigm may be adopted in causal inference and survey sampling when we assume Rubin's stable unit treatment value assumption (SUTVA) or impose similar frameworks. While often taken for granted, such assumptions entail strong claims about the data generating process. We develop an alternative design-based approach: we first invoke a generalized, non-parametric model that allows for unrestricted forms of interference, such as spillover. We define a new set of inferential targets and discuss their interpretation under SUTVA and a weaker assumption that we call the No Unmodeled Revealable Variation Assumption (NURVA). We then reconstruct the standard paradigm, reconsidering SUTVA at the end rather than assuming it at the beginning. Despite its similarity to SUTVA, we demonstrate the practical insufficiency of NURVA for identifying substantively interesting quantities. In so doing, we provide clarity on the nature and importance of SUTVA for applied research.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_10519
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle On the Foundations of the Design-Based Approach
Aronow, P. M.
Jang, Austin
Offer-Westort, Molly
Methodology
The design-based paradigm may be adopted in causal inference and survey sampling when we assume Rubin's stable unit treatment value assumption (SUTVA) or impose similar frameworks. While often taken for granted, such assumptions entail strong claims about the data generating process. We develop an alternative design-based approach: we first invoke a generalized, non-parametric model that allows for unrestricted forms of interference, such as spillover. We define a new set of inferential targets and discuss their interpretation under SUTVA and a weaker assumption that we call the No Unmodeled Revealable Variation Assumption (NURVA). We then reconstruct the standard paradigm, reconsidering SUTVA at the end rather than assuming it at the beginning. Despite its similarity to SUTVA, we demonstrate the practical insufficiency of NURVA for identifying substantively interesting quantities. In so doing, we provide clarity on the nature and importance of SUTVA for applied research.
title On the Foundations of the Design-Based Approach
topic Methodology
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.10519