A Discretization Approach for Bilevel Optimization with Low-Dimensional and Non-Convex Lower-Level

Fuente: arXiv
Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Jiang, Xiaotian, Tsaknakis, Ioannis, Khanduri, Prashant, Hong, Mingyi
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1866908366986543104
author Jiang, Xiaotian
Tsaknakis, Ioannis
Khanduri, Prashant
Hong, Mingyi
author_facet Jiang, Xiaotian
Tsaknakis, Ioannis
Khanduri, Prashant
Hong, Mingyi
contents Bilevel optimization (BLO) problem, where two optimization problems (referred to as upper- and lower-level problems) are coupled hierarchically, has wide applications in areas such as machine learning and operations research. Recently, many first-order algorithms have been developed for solving bilevel problems with strongly convex and/or unconstrained lower-level problems; this special structure of the lower-level problem is needed to ensure the tractability of gradient computation (among other reasons). In this work, we deal with a class of more challenging BLO problems where the lower-level problem is non-convex and constrained. We propose a novel approach that approximates the value function of the lower-level problem by first sampling a set of feasible solutions and then constructing an equivalent convex optimization problem. This convexified value function is then used to construct a penalty function for the original BLO problem. We analyze the properties of the original BLO problem and the newly constructed penalized problem by characterizing the relation between their KKT points, as well as the local and global minima of the two problems. We then develop a gradient descent-based algorithm to solve the reformulated problem, and establish its finite-time convergence guarantees. Finally, we conduct numerical experiments to corroborate the theoretical performance of the proposed algorithm.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_10830
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A Discretization Approach for Bilevel Optimization with Low-Dimensional and Non-Convex Lower-Level
Jiang, Xiaotian
Tsaknakis, Ioannis
Khanduri, Prashant
Hong, Mingyi
Optimization and Control
Bilevel optimization (BLO) problem, where two optimization problems (referred to as upper- and lower-level problems) are coupled hierarchically, has wide applications in areas such as machine learning and operations research. Recently, many first-order algorithms have been developed for solving bilevel problems with strongly convex and/or unconstrained lower-level problems; this special structure of the lower-level problem is needed to ensure the tractability of gradient computation (among other reasons). In this work, we deal with a class of more challenging BLO problems where the lower-level problem is non-convex and constrained. We propose a novel approach that approximates the value function of the lower-level problem by first sampling a set of feasible solutions and then constructing an equivalent convex optimization problem. This convexified value function is then used to construct a penalty function for the original BLO problem. We analyze the properties of the original BLO problem and the newly constructed penalized problem by characterizing the relation between their KKT points, as well as the local and global minima of the two problems. We then develop a gradient descent-based algorithm to solve the reformulated problem, and establish its finite-time convergence guarantees. Finally, we conduct numerical experiments to corroborate the theoretical performance of the proposed algorithm.
title A Discretization Approach for Bilevel Optimization with Low-Dimensional and Non-Convex Lower-Level
topic Optimization and Control
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.10830