Inexact Column Generation for Bayesian Network Structure Learning via Difference-of-Submodular Optimization

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Yang, Yiran, Chen, Rui
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Yang, Yiran
Chen, Rui
author_facet Yang, Yiran
Chen, Rui
contents In this paper, we consider a score-based Integer Programming (IP) approach for solving the Bayesian Network Structure Learning (BNSL) problem. State-of-the-art BNSL IP formulations suffer from the exponentially large number of variables and constraints. A standard approach in IP to address such challenges is to employ row and column generation techniques, which dynamically generate rows and columns, while the complex pricing problem remains a computational bottleneck for BNSL. For the general class of $\ell_0$-penalized likelihood scores, we show how the pricing problem can be reformulated as a difference of submodular optimization problem, and how the Difference of Convex Algorithm (DCA) can be applied as an inexact method to efficiently solve the pricing problems. Empirically, we show that, for continuous Gaussian data, our row and column generation approach yields solutions with higher quality than state-of-the-art score-based approaches, especially when the graph density increases, and achieves comparable performance against benchmark constraint-based and hybrid approaches, even when the graph size increases.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_11089
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Inexact Column Generation for Bayesian Network Structure Learning via Difference-of-Submodular Optimization
Yang, Yiran
Chen, Rui
Machine Learning
Optimization and Control
In this paper, we consider a score-based Integer Programming (IP) approach for solving the Bayesian Network Structure Learning (BNSL) problem. State-of-the-art BNSL IP formulations suffer from the exponentially large number of variables and constraints. A standard approach in IP to address such challenges is to employ row and column generation techniques, which dynamically generate rows and columns, while the complex pricing problem remains a computational bottleneck for BNSL. For the general class of $\ell_0$-penalized likelihood scores, we show how the pricing problem can be reformulated as a difference of submodular optimization problem, and how the Difference of Convex Algorithm (DCA) can be applied as an inexact method to efficiently solve the pricing problems. Empirically, we show that, for continuous Gaussian data, our row and column generation approach yields solutions with higher quality than state-of-the-art score-based approaches, especially when the graph density increases, and achieves comparable performance against benchmark constraint-based and hybrid approaches, even when the graph size increases.
title Inexact Column Generation for Bayesian Network Structure Learning via Difference-of-Submodular Optimization
topic Machine Learning
Optimization and Control
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.11089