A Cosmic Miracle: A Remarkably Luminous Galaxy at $z_{\rm{spec}}=14.44$ Confirmed with JWST
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2025
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| author | Naidu, Rohan P. Oesch, Pascal A. Brammer, Gabriel Weibel, Andrea Li, Yijia Matthee, Jorryt Chisholm, John Pollock, Clara L. Heintz, Kasper E. Johnson, Benjamin D. Shen, Xuejian Hviding, Raphael E. Leja, Joel Tacchella, Sandro Ganguly, Arpita Witten, Callum Atek, Hakim Belli, Sirio Bose, Sownak Bouwens, Rychard Dayal, Pratika Decarli, Roberto de Graaff, Anna Fudamoto, Yoshinobu Giovinazzo, Emma Greene, Jenny E. Illingworth, Garth Inoue, Akio K. Kane, Sarah G. Labbe, Ivo Leonova, Ecaterina Marques-Chaves, Rui Meyer, Romain A. Nelson, Erica J. Roberts-Borsani, Guido Schaerer, Daniel Simcoe, Robert A. Stefanon, Mauro Sugahara, Yuma Toft, Sune van der Wel, Arjen van Dokkum, Pieter Walter, Fabian Watson, Darach Weaver, John R. Whitaker, Katherine E. |
| author_facet | Naidu, Rohan P. Oesch, Pascal A. Brammer, Gabriel Weibel, Andrea Li, Yijia Matthee, Jorryt Chisholm, John Pollock, Clara L. Heintz, Kasper E. Johnson, Benjamin D. Shen, Xuejian Hviding, Raphael E. Leja, Joel Tacchella, Sandro Ganguly, Arpita Witten, Callum Atek, Hakim Belli, Sirio Bose, Sownak Bouwens, Rychard Dayal, Pratika Decarli, Roberto de Graaff, Anna Fudamoto, Yoshinobu Giovinazzo, Emma Greene, Jenny E. Illingworth, Garth Inoue, Akio K. Kane, Sarah G. Labbe, Ivo Leonova, Ecaterina Marques-Chaves, Rui Meyer, Romain A. Nelson, Erica J. Roberts-Borsani, Guido Schaerer, Daniel Simcoe, Robert A. Stefanon, Mauro Sugahara, Yuma Toft, Sune van der Wel, Arjen van Dokkum, Pieter Walter, Fabian Watson, Darach Weaver, John R. Whitaker, Katherine E. |
| contents | JWST has revealed a stunning population of bright galaxies at surprisingly early epochs, $z>10$, where few such sources were expected. Here we present the most distant example of this class yet -- MoM-z14, a luminous ($M_{\rm{UV}}=-20.2$) source in the COSMOS field at $z_{\rm{spec}}=14.44^{+0.02}_{-0.02}$ that expands the observational frontier to a mere 280 million years after the Big Bang. The redshift is confirmed with NIRSpec/PRISM spectroscopy through a sharp Lyman-$α$ break and $\sim3σ$ detections of five rest-UV emission lines. The number density of bright $z_{\rm{spec}}\sim14-15$ sources implied by our "Mirage or Miracle" survey spanning $\sim350$ arcmin$^{2}$ is $>100\times$ larger ($182^{+329}_{-105}\times$) than pre-JWST consensus models. The high EWs of UV lines ($\sim15{-}35$ Å) signal a rising star-formation history, with a $\sim10\times$ increase in the last 5 Myr ($\rm{SFR_{\rm{5Myr}}}/\rm{SFR_{\rm{50Myr}}}=9.9^{+3.0}_{-5.8}$). The source is extremely compact (circularized $r_{\rm{e}} = 74^{+15}_{-12}$ pc), and yet elongated ($b/a=0.25^{+0.11}_{-0.06}$), suggesting an AGN is not the dominant source of UV light. The steep UV slope ($β=-2.5^{+0.2}_{-0.2}$) implies negligible dust attenuation and a young stellar population. The absence of a strong damping wing provides tentative evidence that the immediate surroundings of MoM-z14 may be partially ionized at a redshift where virtually every reionization model predicts a $\sim100\%$ neutral fraction. The nitrogen emission and highly super-solar [N/C]$>1$ hint at an abundance pattern similar to local globular clusters that may have once hosted luminous supermassive stars. Since this abundance pattern is also common among the most ancient stars born in the Milky Way, we may be directly witnessing the formation of such stars in dense clusters, connecting galaxy evolution across the entire sweep of cosmic time. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_11263 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | A Cosmic Miracle: A Remarkably Luminous Galaxy at $z_{\rm{spec}}=14.44$ Confirmed with JWST Naidu, Rohan P. Oesch, Pascal A. Brammer, Gabriel Weibel, Andrea Li, Yijia Matthee, Jorryt Chisholm, John Pollock, Clara L. Heintz, Kasper E. Johnson, Benjamin D. Shen, Xuejian Hviding, Raphael E. Leja, Joel Tacchella, Sandro Ganguly, Arpita Witten, Callum Atek, Hakim Belli, Sirio Bose, Sownak Bouwens, Rychard Dayal, Pratika Decarli, Roberto de Graaff, Anna Fudamoto, Yoshinobu Giovinazzo, Emma Greene, Jenny E. Illingworth, Garth Inoue, Akio K. Kane, Sarah G. Labbe, Ivo Leonova, Ecaterina Marques-Chaves, Rui Meyer, Romain A. Nelson, Erica J. Roberts-Borsani, Guido Schaerer, Daniel Simcoe, Robert A. Stefanon, Mauro Sugahara, Yuma Toft, Sune van der Wel, Arjen van Dokkum, Pieter Walter, Fabian Watson, Darach Weaver, John R. Whitaker, Katherine E. Astrophysics of Galaxies Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics Solar and Stellar Astrophysics JWST has revealed a stunning population of bright galaxies at surprisingly early epochs, $z>10$, where few such sources were expected. Here we present the most distant example of this class yet -- MoM-z14, a luminous ($M_{\rm{UV}}=-20.2$) source in the COSMOS field at $z_{\rm{spec}}=14.44^{+0.02}_{-0.02}$ that expands the observational frontier to a mere 280 million years after the Big Bang. The redshift is confirmed with NIRSpec/PRISM spectroscopy through a sharp Lyman-$α$ break and $\sim3σ$ detections of five rest-UV emission lines. The number density of bright $z_{\rm{spec}}\sim14-15$ sources implied by our "Mirage or Miracle" survey spanning $\sim350$ arcmin$^{2}$ is $>100\times$ larger ($182^{+329}_{-105}\times$) than pre-JWST consensus models. The high EWs of UV lines ($\sim15{-}35$ Å) signal a rising star-formation history, with a $\sim10\times$ increase in the last 5 Myr ($\rm{SFR_{\rm{5Myr}}}/\rm{SFR_{\rm{50Myr}}}=9.9^{+3.0}_{-5.8}$). The source is extremely compact (circularized $r_{\rm{e}} = 74^{+15}_{-12}$ pc), and yet elongated ($b/a=0.25^{+0.11}_{-0.06}$), suggesting an AGN is not the dominant source of UV light. The steep UV slope ($β=-2.5^{+0.2}_{-0.2}$) implies negligible dust attenuation and a young stellar population. The absence of a strong damping wing provides tentative evidence that the immediate surroundings of MoM-z14 may be partially ionized at a redshift where virtually every reionization model predicts a $\sim100\%$ neutral fraction. The nitrogen emission and highly super-solar [N/C]$>1$ hint at an abundance pattern similar to local globular clusters that may have once hosted luminous supermassive stars. Since this abundance pattern is also common among the most ancient stars born in the Milky Way, we may be directly witnessing the formation of such stars in dense clusters, connecting galaxy evolution across the entire sweep of cosmic time. |
| title | A Cosmic Miracle: A Remarkably Luminous Galaxy at $z_{\rm{spec}}=14.44$ Confirmed with JWST |
| topic | Astrophysics of Galaxies Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics Solar and Stellar Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.11263 |