Can quantum gravity be both consistent and complete?

Fuente: arXiv
Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Faizal, Mir, Krauss, Lawrence M., Shabir, Arshid, Marino, Francesco, Pourhassan, Behnam
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1866908678059196416
author Faizal, Mir
Krauss, Lawrence M.
Shabir, Arshid
Marino, Francesco
Pourhassan, Behnam
author_facet Faizal, Mir
Krauss, Lawrence M.
Shabir, Arshid
Marino, Francesco
Pourhassan, Behnam
contents General relativity, despite its profound successes, fails as a complete theory due to presence of singularities. While it is widely believed that quantum gravity has the potential to be a complete theory, in which spacetime consistently emerges from quantum degrees of freedom through computational algorithms, we argue that this goal could be fundamentally unattainable. We examine how this limitation could emerge in various contexts, depending on whether or not every mathematically valid result is physically realized. In the first case, Godel's incompleteness theorems, along with related results by Tarski and Chaitin, imply that no theory formulated as a formal axiomatic system can be complete, and that within any computational framework, a fully consistent internal truth predicate is impossible. In the second case, if only a subset of mathematical truths is realized in nature, we argue that this selection cannot be determined by any purely computational process. Hence, a meta-theoretical approach based on non-algorithmic understanding is indispensable in every case. We discuss some possible consequences of this observation for describing physical systems and note that a non-algorithmic approach should be essential for any theory of everything.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_11773
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Can quantum gravity be both consistent and complete?
Faizal, Mir
Krauss, Lawrence M.
Shabir, Arshid
Marino, Francesco
Pourhassan, Behnam
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
General relativity, despite its profound successes, fails as a complete theory due to presence of singularities. While it is widely believed that quantum gravity has the potential to be a complete theory, in which spacetime consistently emerges from quantum degrees of freedom through computational algorithms, we argue that this goal could be fundamentally unattainable. We examine how this limitation could emerge in various contexts, depending on whether or not every mathematically valid result is physically realized. In the first case, Godel's incompleteness theorems, along with related results by Tarski and Chaitin, imply that no theory formulated as a formal axiomatic system can be complete, and that within any computational framework, a fully consistent internal truth predicate is impossible. In the second case, if only a subset of mathematical truths is realized in nature, we argue that this selection cannot be determined by any purely computational process. Hence, a meta-theoretical approach based on non-algorithmic understanding is indispensable in every case. We discuss some possible consequences of this observation for describing physical systems and note that a non-algorithmic approach should be essential for any theory of everything.
title Can quantum gravity be both consistent and complete?
topic General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.11773