OneTwoVLA: A Unified Vision-Language-Action Model with Adaptive Reasoning

Fuente: arXiv
Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Lin, Fanqi, Nai, Ruiqian, Hu, Yingdong, You, Jiacheng, Zhao, Junming, Gao, Yang
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1866912933110349824
author Lin, Fanqi
Nai, Ruiqian
Hu, Yingdong
You, Jiacheng
Zhao, Junming
Gao, Yang
author_facet Lin, Fanqi
Nai, Ruiqian
Hu, Yingdong
You, Jiacheng
Zhao, Junming
Gao, Yang
contents General-purpose robots capable of performing diverse tasks require synergistic reasoning and acting capabilities. However, recent dual-system approaches, which separate high-level reasoning from low-level acting, often suffer from challenges such as limited mutual understanding of capabilities between systems and latency issues. This paper introduces OneTwoVLA, a single unified vision-language-action model that can perform both acting (System One) and reasoning (System Two). Crucially, OneTwoVLA adaptively switches between two modes: explicitly reasoning at critical moments during task execution, and generating actions based on the most recent reasoning at other times. To further unlock OneTwoVLA's reasoning and generalization capabilities, we design a scalable pipeline for synthesizing embodied reasoning-centric vision-language data, used for co-training with robot data. We validate OneTwoVLA's effectiveness through extensive experiments, highlighting its superior performance across four key capabilities: long-horizon task planning, error detection and recovery, natural human-robot interaction, and generalizable visual grounding, enabling the model to perform long-horizon, highly dexterous manipulation tasks such as making hotpot or mixing cocktails.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_11917
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle OneTwoVLA: A Unified Vision-Language-Action Model with Adaptive Reasoning
Lin, Fanqi
Nai, Ruiqian
Hu, Yingdong
You, Jiacheng
Zhao, Junming
Gao, Yang
Robotics
General-purpose robots capable of performing diverse tasks require synergistic reasoning and acting capabilities. However, recent dual-system approaches, which separate high-level reasoning from low-level acting, often suffer from challenges such as limited mutual understanding of capabilities between systems and latency issues. This paper introduces OneTwoVLA, a single unified vision-language-action model that can perform both acting (System One) and reasoning (System Two). Crucially, OneTwoVLA adaptively switches between two modes: explicitly reasoning at critical moments during task execution, and generating actions based on the most recent reasoning at other times. To further unlock OneTwoVLA's reasoning and generalization capabilities, we design a scalable pipeline for synthesizing embodied reasoning-centric vision-language data, used for co-training with robot data. We validate OneTwoVLA's effectiveness through extensive experiments, highlighting its superior performance across four key capabilities: long-horizon task planning, error detection and recovery, natural human-robot interaction, and generalizable visual grounding, enabling the model to perform long-horizon, highly dexterous manipulation tasks such as making hotpot or mixing cocktails.
title OneTwoVLA: A Unified Vision-Language-Action Model with Adaptive Reasoning
topic Robotics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.11917