Improved Bounds on the Probability of a Union and on the Number of Events that Occur

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Adler, Ilan, Karp, Richard M., Ross, Sheldon M.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Adler, Ilan
Karp, Richard M.
Ross, Sheldon M.
author_facet Adler, Ilan
Karp, Richard M.
Ross, Sheldon M.
contents Let $A_1, A_2, \ldots, A_n$ be events in a sample space. Given the probability of the intersection of each collection of up to $k+1$ of these events, what can we say about the probability that at least $r$ of the events occur? This question dates back to Boole in the 19th century, and it is well known that the odd partial sums of the Inclusion- Exclusion formula provide upper bounds, while the even partial sums provide lower bounds. We give a combinatorial characterization of the error in these bounds and use it to derive a very simple proof of the strongest possible bounds of a certain form, as well as a couple of improved bounds. The new bounds use more information than the classical Bonferroni-type inequalities, and are often sharper.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_12243
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Improved Bounds on the Probability of a Union and on the Number of Events that Occur
Adler, Ilan
Karp, Richard M.
Ross, Sheldon M.
Combinatorics
Statistics Theory
Let $A_1, A_2, \ldots, A_n$ be events in a sample space. Given the probability of the intersection of each collection of up to $k+1$ of these events, what can we say about the probability that at least $r$ of the events occur? This question dates back to Boole in the 19th century, and it is well known that the odd partial sums of the Inclusion- Exclusion formula provide upper bounds, while the even partial sums provide lower bounds. We give a combinatorial characterization of the error in these bounds and use it to derive a very simple proof of the strongest possible bounds of a certain form, as well as a couple of improved bounds. The new bounds use more information than the classical Bonferroni-type inequalities, and are often sharper.
title Improved Bounds on the Probability of a Union and on the Number of Events that Occur
topic Combinatorics
Statistics Theory
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.12243