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Autori principali: Xiao, Kerry, Zang, Amy
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2025
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Accesso online:https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.12269
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author Xiao, Kerry
Zang, Amy
author_facet Xiao, Kerry
Zang, Amy
contents People in the real world often possess vague knowledge of future payoffs, for which quantification is not feasible or desirable. We argue that language, with differing ability to convey vague information, plays an important but less-known role in representing subjective expectations. Empirically, we find that in their reports, analysts include useful information in linguistic expressions but not numerical forecasts. Specifically, the textual tone of analyst reports has predictive power for forecast errors and subsequent revisions in numerical forecasts, and this relation becomes stronger when analyst's language is vaguer, when uncertainty is higher, and when analysts are busier. Overall, our theory and evidence suggest that some useful information is vaguely known and only communicated through language.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_12269
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Vague Knowledge: Evidence from Analyst Reports
Xiao, Kerry
Zang, Amy
General Economics
Economics
Artificial Intelligence
Computation and Language
Logic
General Finance
03B48, 03B65, 03E02, 03E15, 03E72, 18E45, 28A05, 62F15, 68T01, 68T35, 68T50, 91G30,
F.4; I.2.3; I.2.4; I.2.7; J.1; J.4; J.5
People in the real world often possess vague knowledge of future payoffs, for which quantification is not feasible or desirable. We argue that language, with differing ability to convey vague information, plays an important but less-known role in representing subjective expectations. Empirically, we find that in their reports, analysts include useful information in linguistic expressions but not numerical forecasts. Specifically, the textual tone of analyst reports has predictive power for forecast errors and subsequent revisions in numerical forecasts, and this relation becomes stronger when analyst's language is vaguer, when uncertainty is higher, and when analysts are busier. Overall, our theory and evidence suggest that some useful information is vaguely known and only communicated through language.
title Vague Knowledge: Evidence from Analyst Reports
topic General Economics
Economics
Artificial Intelligence
Computation and Language
Logic
General Finance
03B48, 03B65, 03E02, 03E15, 03E72, 18E45, 28A05, 62F15, 68T01, 68T35, 68T50, 91G30,
F.4; I.2.3; I.2.4; I.2.7; J.1; J.4; J.5
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.12269