Mutual Evidential Deep Learning for Medical Image Segmentation

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: He, Yuanpeng, Bi, Yali, Li, Lijian, Pun, Chi-Man, Jiao, Wenpin, Jin, Zhi
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author He, Yuanpeng
Bi, Yali
Li, Lijian
Pun, Chi-Man
Jiao, Wenpin
Jin, Zhi
author_facet He, Yuanpeng
Bi, Yali
Li, Lijian
Pun, Chi-Man
Jiao, Wenpin
Jin, Zhi
contents Existing semi-supervised medical segmentation co-learning frameworks have realized that model performance can be diminished by the biases in model recognition caused by low-quality pseudo-labels. Due to the averaging nature of their pseudo-label integration strategy, they fail to explore the reliability of pseudo-labels from different sources. In this paper, we propose a mutual evidential deep learning (MEDL) framework that offers a potentially viable solution for pseudo-label generation in semi-supervised learning from two perspectives. First, we introduce networks with different architectures to generate complementary evidence for unlabeled samples and adopt an improved class-aware evidential fusion to guide the confident synthesis of evidential predictions sourced from diverse architectural networks. Second, utilizing the uncertainty in the fused evidence, we design an asymptotic Fisher information-based evidential learning strategy. This strategy enables the model to initially focus on unlabeled samples with more reliable pseudo-labels, gradually shifting attention to samples with lower-quality pseudo-labels while avoiding over-penalization of mislabeled classes in high data uncertainty samples. Additionally, for labeled data, we continue to adopt an uncertainty-driven asymptotic learning strategy, gradually guiding the model to focus on challenging voxels. Extensive experiments on five mainstream datasets have demonstrated that MEDL achieves state-of-the-art performance.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_12418
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Mutual Evidential Deep Learning for Medical Image Segmentation
He, Yuanpeng
Bi, Yali
Li, Lijian
Pun, Chi-Man
Jiao, Wenpin
Jin, Zhi
Image and Video Processing
Artificial Intelligence
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Existing semi-supervised medical segmentation co-learning frameworks have realized that model performance can be diminished by the biases in model recognition caused by low-quality pseudo-labels. Due to the averaging nature of their pseudo-label integration strategy, they fail to explore the reliability of pseudo-labels from different sources. In this paper, we propose a mutual evidential deep learning (MEDL) framework that offers a potentially viable solution for pseudo-label generation in semi-supervised learning from two perspectives. First, we introduce networks with different architectures to generate complementary evidence for unlabeled samples and adopt an improved class-aware evidential fusion to guide the confident synthesis of evidential predictions sourced from diverse architectural networks. Second, utilizing the uncertainty in the fused evidence, we design an asymptotic Fisher information-based evidential learning strategy. This strategy enables the model to initially focus on unlabeled samples with more reliable pseudo-labels, gradually shifting attention to samples with lower-quality pseudo-labels while avoiding over-penalization of mislabeled classes in high data uncertainty samples. Additionally, for labeled data, we continue to adopt an uncertainty-driven asymptotic learning strategy, gradually guiding the model to focus on challenging voxels. Extensive experiments on five mainstream datasets have demonstrated that MEDL achieves state-of-the-art performance.
title Mutual Evidential Deep Learning for Medical Image Segmentation
topic Image and Video Processing
Artificial Intelligence
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.12418