Microscopic theory of electron quadrupling condensates
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2025
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| _version_ | 1866912914161532928 |
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| author | Samoilenka, Albert Babaev, Egor |
| author_facet | Samoilenka, Albert Babaev, Egor |
| contents | Electron pairing at low temperatures leads to superconductivity. A fundamental question is whether more complex states - characterized by order in four-electron composite objects, termed electron quadrupling or composite order - can exist in materials, and if so, under what conditions they emerge and what properties they exhibit. These states lie beyond the scope of Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory, and a microscopic description of them remained elusive. In the first part of the paper, we provide a general microscopic framework to describe these and the other four-fermion composite states. In the second part of the paper, we derive and solve a specific fermionic model in two and three dimensions that hosts time-reversal symmetry-breaking electron quadrupling order. The fermionic microscopic theory is used to estimate the specific heat and electron density of states. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_12542 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Microscopic theory of electron quadrupling condensates Samoilenka, Albert Babaev, Egor Superconductivity Electron pairing at low temperatures leads to superconductivity. A fundamental question is whether more complex states - characterized by order in four-electron composite objects, termed electron quadrupling or composite order - can exist in materials, and if so, under what conditions they emerge and what properties they exhibit. These states lie beyond the scope of Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory, and a microscopic description of them remained elusive. In the first part of the paper, we provide a general microscopic framework to describe these and the other four-fermion composite states. In the second part of the paper, we derive and solve a specific fermionic model in two and three dimensions that hosts time-reversal symmetry-breaking electron quadrupling order. The fermionic microscopic theory is used to estimate the specific heat and electron density of states. |
| title | Microscopic theory of electron quadrupling condensates |
| topic | Superconductivity |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.12542 |