R1dacted: Investigating Local Censorship in DeepSeek's R1 Language Model

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Naseh, Ali, Chaudhari, Harsh, Roh, Jaechul, Wu, Mingshi, Oprea, Alina, Houmansadr, Amir
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Naseh, Ali
Chaudhari, Harsh
Roh, Jaechul
Wu, Mingshi
Oprea, Alina
Houmansadr, Amir
author_facet Naseh, Ali
Chaudhari, Harsh
Roh, Jaechul
Wu, Mingshi
Oprea, Alina
Houmansadr, Amir
contents DeepSeek recently released R1, a high-performing large language model (LLM) optimized for reasoning tasks. Despite its efficient training pipeline, R1 achieves competitive performance, even surpassing leading reasoning models like OpenAI's o1 on several benchmarks. However, emerging reports suggest that R1 refuses to answer certain prompts related to politically sensitive topics in China. While existing LLMs often implement safeguards to avoid generating harmful or offensive outputs, R1 represents a notable shift - exhibiting censorship-like behavior on politically charged queries. In this paper, we investigate this phenomenon by first introducing a large-scale set of heavily curated prompts that get censored by R1, covering a range of politically sensitive topics, but are not censored by other models. We then conduct a comprehensive analysis of R1's censorship patterns, examining their consistency, triggers, and variations across topics, prompt phrasing, and context. Beyond English-language queries, we explore censorship behavior in other languages. We also investigate the transferability of censorship to models distilled from the R1 language model. Finally, we propose techniques for bypassing or removing this censorship. Our findings reveal possible additional censorship integration likely shaped by design choices during training or alignment, raising concerns about transparency, bias, and governance in language model deployment.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_12625
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle R1dacted: Investigating Local Censorship in DeepSeek's R1 Language Model
Naseh, Ali
Chaudhari, Harsh
Roh, Jaechul
Wu, Mingshi
Oprea, Alina
Houmansadr, Amir
Computation and Language
Cryptography and Security
Machine Learning
DeepSeek recently released R1, a high-performing large language model (LLM) optimized for reasoning tasks. Despite its efficient training pipeline, R1 achieves competitive performance, even surpassing leading reasoning models like OpenAI's o1 on several benchmarks. However, emerging reports suggest that R1 refuses to answer certain prompts related to politically sensitive topics in China. While existing LLMs often implement safeguards to avoid generating harmful or offensive outputs, R1 represents a notable shift - exhibiting censorship-like behavior on politically charged queries. In this paper, we investigate this phenomenon by first introducing a large-scale set of heavily curated prompts that get censored by R1, covering a range of politically sensitive topics, but are not censored by other models. We then conduct a comprehensive analysis of R1's censorship patterns, examining their consistency, triggers, and variations across topics, prompt phrasing, and context. Beyond English-language queries, we explore censorship behavior in other languages. We also investigate the transferability of censorship to models distilled from the R1 language model. Finally, we propose techniques for bypassing or removing this censorship. Our findings reveal possible additional censorship integration likely shaped by design choices during training or alignment, raising concerns about transparency, bias, and governance in language model deployment.
title R1dacted: Investigating Local Censorship in DeepSeek's R1 Language Model
topic Computation and Language
Cryptography and Security
Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.12625