From Grunts to Lexicons: Emergent Language from Cooperative Foraging

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Piriyajitakonkij, Maytus, Charakorn, Rujikorn, Tao, Weicheng, Pan, Wei, Sun, Mingfei, Tan, Cheston, Zhang, Mengmi
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Piriyajitakonkij, Maytus
Charakorn, Rujikorn
Tao, Weicheng
Pan, Wei
Sun, Mingfei
Tan, Cheston
Zhang, Mengmi
author_facet Piriyajitakonkij, Maytus
Charakorn, Rujikorn
Tao, Weicheng
Pan, Wei
Sun, Mingfei
Tan, Cheston
Zhang, Mengmi
contents Language is a powerful communicative and cognitive tool. It enables humans to express thoughts, share intentions, and reason about complex phenomena. Despite our fluency in using and understanding language, the question of how it arises and evolves over time remains unsolved. A leading hypothesis in linguistics and anthropology posits that language evolved to meet the ecological and social demands of early human cooperation. Language did not arise in isolation, but through shared survival goals. Inspired by this view, we investigate the emergence of language in multi-agent Foraging Games. These environments are designed to reflect the cognitive and ecological constraints believed to have influenced the evolution of communication. Agents operate in a shared grid world with only partial knowledge about other agents and the environment, and must coordinate to complete games like picking up high-value targets or executing temporally ordered actions. Using end-to-end deep reinforcement learning, agents learn both actions and communication strategies from scratch. We find that agents develop communication protocols with hallmark features of natural language: arbitrariness, interchangeability, displacement, cultural transmission, and compositionality. We quantify each property and analyze how different factors, such as population size, social dynamics, and temporal dependencies, shape specific aspects of the emergent language. Our framework serves as a platform for studying how language can evolve from partial observability, temporal reasoning, and cooperative goals in embodied multi-agent settings. We will release all data, code, and models publicly.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_12872
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle From Grunts to Lexicons: Emergent Language from Cooperative Foraging
Piriyajitakonkij, Maytus
Charakorn, Rujikorn
Tao, Weicheng
Pan, Wei
Sun, Mingfei
Tan, Cheston
Zhang, Mengmi
Artificial Intelligence
Machine Learning
Multiagent Systems
Language is a powerful communicative and cognitive tool. It enables humans to express thoughts, share intentions, and reason about complex phenomena. Despite our fluency in using and understanding language, the question of how it arises and evolves over time remains unsolved. A leading hypothesis in linguistics and anthropology posits that language evolved to meet the ecological and social demands of early human cooperation. Language did not arise in isolation, but through shared survival goals. Inspired by this view, we investigate the emergence of language in multi-agent Foraging Games. These environments are designed to reflect the cognitive and ecological constraints believed to have influenced the evolution of communication. Agents operate in a shared grid world with only partial knowledge about other agents and the environment, and must coordinate to complete games like picking up high-value targets or executing temporally ordered actions. Using end-to-end deep reinforcement learning, agents learn both actions and communication strategies from scratch. We find that agents develop communication protocols with hallmark features of natural language: arbitrariness, interchangeability, displacement, cultural transmission, and compositionality. We quantify each property and analyze how different factors, such as population size, social dynamics, and temporal dependencies, shape specific aspects of the emergent language. Our framework serves as a platform for studying how language can evolve from partial observability, temporal reasoning, and cooperative goals in embodied multi-agent settings. We will release all data, code, and models publicly.
title From Grunts to Lexicons: Emergent Language from Cooperative Foraging
topic Artificial Intelligence
Machine Learning
Multiagent Systems
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.12872