The Effect of Language Diversity When Fine-Tuning Large Language Models for Translation

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Hauptverfasser: Stap, David, Monz, Christof
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2025
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author Stap, David
Monz, Christof
author_facet Stap, David
Monz, Christof
contents Prior research diverges on language diversity in LLM fine-tuning: Some studies report benefits while others find no advantages. Through controlled fine-tuning experiments across 132 translation directions, we systematically resolve these disparities. We find that expanding language diversity during fine-tuning improves translation quality for both unsupervised and -- surprisingly -- supervised pairs, despite less diverse models being fine-tuned exclusively on these supervised pairs. However, benefits plateau or decrease beyond a certain diversity threshold. We show that increased language diversity creates more language-agnostic representations. These representational adaptations help explain the improved performance in models fine-tuned with greater diversity.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_13090
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle The Effect of Language Diversity When Fine-Tuning Large Language Models for Translation
Stap, David
Monz, Christof
Computation and Language
Prior research diverges on language diversity in LLM fine-tuning: Some studies report benefits while others find no advantages. Through controlled fine-tuning experiments across 132 translation directions, we systematically resolve these disparities. We find that expanding language diversity during fine-tuning improves translation quality for both unsupervised and -- surprisingly -- supervised pairs, despite less diverse models being fine-tuned exclusively on these supervised pairs. However, benefits plateau or decrease beyond a certain diversity threshold. We show that increased language diversity creates more language-agnostic representations. These representational adaptations help explain the improved performance in models fine-tuned with greater diversity.
title The Effect of Language Diversity When Fine-Tuning Large Language Models for Translation
topic Computation and Language
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.13090