HarmonE: A Self-Adaptive Approach to Architecting Sustainable MLOps

Fuente: arXiv
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Hauptverfasser: Bhatt, Hiya, Biswas, Shaunak, Rakhunathan, Srinivasan, Vaidhyanathan, Karthik
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2025
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author Bhatt, Hiya
Biswas, Shaunak
Rakhunathan, Srinivasan
Vaidhyanathan, Karthik
author_facet Bhatt, Hiya
Biswas, Shaunak
Rakhunathan, Srinivasan
Vaidhyanathan, Karthik
contents Machine Learning Enabled Systems (MLS) are becoming integral to real-world applications, but ensuring their sustainable performance over time remains a significant challenge. These systems operate in dynamic environments and face runtime uncertainties like data drift and model degradation, which affect the sustainability of MLS across multiple dimensions: technical, economical, environmental, and social. While Machine Learning Operations (MLOps) addresses the technical dimension by streamlining the ML model lifecycle, it overlooks other dimensions. Furthermore, some traditional practices, such as frequent retraining, incur substantial energy and computational overhead, thus amplifying sustainability concerns. To address them, we introduce HarmonE, an architectural approach that enables self-adaptive capabilities in MLOps pipelines using the MAPE-K loop. HarmonE allows system architects to define explicit sustainability goals and adaptation thresholds at design time, and performs runtime monitoring of key metrics, such as prediction accuracy, energy consumption, and data distribution shifts, to trigger appropriate adaptation strategies. We validate our approach using a Digital Twin (DT) of an Intelligent Transportation System (ITS), focusing on traffic flow prediction as our primary use case. The DT employs time series ML models to simulate real-time traffic and assess various flow scenarios. Our results show that HarmonE adapts effectively to evolving conditions while maintaining accuracy and meeting sustainability goals.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_13693
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle HarmonE: A Self-Adaptive Approach to Architecting Sustainable MLOps
Bhatt, Hiya
Biswas, Shaunak
Rakhunathan, Srinivasan
Vaidhyanathan, Karthik
Software Engineering
Machine Learning
Machine Learning Enabled Systems (MLS) are becoming integral to real-world applications, but ensuring their sustainable performance over time remains a significant challenge. These systems operate in dynamic environments and face runtime uncertainties like data drift and model degradation, which affect the sustainability of MLS across multiple dimensions: technical, economical, environmental, and social. While Machine Learning Operations (MLOps) addresses the technical dimension by streamlining the ML model lifecycle, it overlooks other dimensions. Furthermore, some traditional practices, such as frequent retraining, incur substantial energy and computational overhead, thus amplifying sustainability concerns. To address them, we introduce HarmonE, an architectural approach that enables self-adaptive capabilities in MLOps pipelines using the MAPE-K loop. HarmonE allows system architects to define explicit sustainability goals and adaptation thresholds at design time, and performs runtime monitoring of key metrics, such as prediction accuracy, energy consumption, and data distribution shifts, to trigger appropriate adaptation strategies. We validate our approach using a Digital Twin (DT) of an Intelligent Transportation System (ITS), focusing on traffic flow prediction as our primary use case. The DT employs time series ML models to simulate real-time traffic and assess various flow scenarios. Our results show that HarmonE adapts effectively to evolving conditions while maintaining accuracy and meeting sustainability goals.
title HarmonE: A Self-Adaptive Approach to Architecting Sustainable MLOps
topic Software Engineering
Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.13693