Probing BERT for German Compound Semantics

Fuente: arXiv
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Auteurs principaux: Miletić, Filip, Schmid, Aaron, Walde, Sabine Schulte im
Format: Preprint
Publié: 2025
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author Miletić, Filip
Schmid, Aaron
Walde, Sabine Schulte im
author_facet Miletić, Filip
Schmid, Aaron
Walde, Sabine Schulte im
contents This paper investigates the extent to which pretrained German BERT encodes knowledge of noun compound semantics. We comprehensively vary combinations of target tokens, layers, and cased vs. uncased models, and evaluate them by predicting the compositionality of 868 gold standard compounds. Looking at representational patterns within the transformer architecture, we observe trends comparable to equivalent prior work on English, with compositionality information most easily recoverable in the early layers. However, our strongest results clearly lag behind those reported for English, suggesting an inherently more difficult task in German. This may be due to the higher productivity of compounding in German than in English and the associated increase in constituent-level ambiguity, including in our target compound set.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_14130
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Probing BERT for German Compound Semantics
Miletić, Filip
Schmid, Aaron
Walde, Sabine Schulte im
Computation and Language
This paper investigates the extent to which pretrained German BERT encodes knowledge of noun compound semantics. We comprehensively vary combinations of target tokens, layers, and cased vs. uncased models, and evaluate them by predicting the compositionality of 868 gold standard compounds. Looking at representational patterns within the transformer architecture, we observe trends comparable to equivalent prior work on English, with compositionality information most easily recoverable in the early layers. However, our strongest results clearly lag behind those reported for English, suggesting an inherently more difficult task in German. This may be due to the higher productivity of compounding in German than in English and the associated increase in constituent-level ambiguity, including in our target compound set.
title Probing BERT for German Compound Semantics
topic Computation and Language
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.14130