Virtual Cells: Predict, Explain, Discover

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Noutahi, Emmanuel, Hartford, Jason, Tossou, Prudencio, Whitfield, Shawn, Denton, Alisandra K., Wognum, Cas, Ulicna, Kristina, Craig, Michael, Hsu, Jonathan, Cuccarese, Michael, Bengio, Emmanuel, Beaini, Dominique, Gibson, Christopher, Cohen, Daniel, Earnshaw, Berton
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Noutahi, Emmanuel
Hartford, Jason
Tossou, Prudencio
Whitfield, Shawn
Denton, Alisandra K.
Wognum, Cas
Ulicna, Kristina
Craig, Michael
Hsu, Jonathan
Cuccarese, Michael
Bengio, Emmanuel
Beaini, Dominique
Gibson, Christopher
Cohen, Daniel
Earnshaw, Berton
author_facet Noutahi, Emmanuel
Hartford, Jason
Tossou, Prudencio
Whitfield, Shawn
Denton, Alisandra K.
Wognum, Cas
Ulicna, Kristina
Craig, Michael
Hsu, Jonathan
Cuccarese, Michael
Bengio, Emmanuel
Beaini, Dominique
Gibson, Christopher
Cohen, Daniel
Earnshaw, Berton
contents Drug discovery is fundamentally a process of inferring the effects of treatments on patients, and would therefore benefit immensely from computational models that can reliably simulate patient responses, enabling researchers to generate and test large numbers of therapeutic hypotheses safely and economically before initiating costly clinical trials. Even a more specific model that predicts the functional response of cells to a wide range of perturbations would be tremendously valuable for discovering safe and effective treatments that successfully translate to the clinic. Creating such virtual cells has long been a goal of the computational research community that unfortunately remains unachieved given the daunting complexity and scale of cellular biology. Nevertheless, recent advances in AI, computing power, lab automation, and high-throughput cellular profiling provide new opportunities for reaching this goal. In this perspective, we present a vision for developing and evaluating virtual cells that builds on our experience at Recursion. We argue that in order to be a useful tool to discover novel biology, virtual cells must accurately predict the functional response of a cell to perturbations and explain how the predicted response is a consequence of modifications to key biomolecular interactions. We then introduce key principles for designing therapeutically-relevant virtual cells, describe a lab-in-the-loop approach for generating novel insights with them, and advocate for biologically-grounded benchmarks to guide virtual cell development. Finally, we make the case that our approach to virtual cells provides a useful framework for building other models at higher levels of organization, including virtual patients. We hope that these directions prove useful to the research community in developing virtual models optimized for positive impact on drug discovery outcomes.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_14613
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Virtual Cells: Predict, Explain, Discover
Noutahi, Emmanuel
Hartford, Jason
Tossou, Prudencio
Whitfield, Shawn
Denton, Alisandra K.
Wognum, Cas
Ulicna, Kristina
Craig, Michael
Hsu, Jonathan
Cuccarese, Michael
Bengio, Emmanuel
Beaini, Dominique
Gibson, Christopher
Cohen, Daniel
Earnshaw, Berton
Machine Learning
Quantitative Methods
Drug discovery is fundamentally a process of inferring the effects of treatments on patients, and would therefore benefit immensely from computational models that can reliably simulate patient responses, enabling researchers to generate and test large numbers of therapeutic hypotheses safely and economically before initiating costly clinical trials. Even a more specific model that predicts the functional response of cells to a wide range of perturbations would be tremendously valuable for discovering safe and effective treatments that successfully translate to the clinic. Creating such virtual cells has long been a goal of the computational research community that unfortunately remains unachieved given the daunting complexity and scale of cellular biology. Nevertheless, recent advances in AI, computing power, lab automation, and high-throughput cellular profiling provide new opportunities for reaching this goal. In this perspective, we present a vision for developing and evaluating virtual cells that builds on our experience at Recursion. We argue that in order to be a useful tool to discover novel biology, virtual cells must accurately predict the functional response of a cell to perturbations and explain how the predicted response is a consequence of modifications to key biomolecular interactions. We then introduce key principles for designing therapeutically-relevant virtual cells, describe a lab-in-the-loop approach for generating novel insights with them, and advocate for biologically-grounded benchmarks to guide virtual cell development. Finally, we make the case that our approach to virtual cells provides a useful framework for building other models at higher levels of organization, including virtual patients. We hope that these directions prove useful to the research community in developing virtual models optimized for positive impact on drug discovery outcomes.
title Virtual Cells: Predict, Explain, Discover
topic Machine Learning
Quantitative Methods
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.14613