SATBench: Benchmarking LLMs' Logical Reasoning via Automated Puzzle Generation from SAT Formulas

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Wei, Anjiang, Wu, Yuheng, Wan, Yingjia, Suresh, Tarun, Tan, Huanmi, Zhou, Zhanke, Koyejo, Sanmi, Wang, Ke, Aiken, Alex
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Wei, Anjiang
Wu, Yuheng
Wan, Yingjia
Suresh, Tarun
Tan, Huanmi
Zhou, Zhanke
Koyejo, Sanmi
Wang, Ke
Aiken, Alex
author_facet Wei, Anjiang
Wu, Yuheng
Wan, Yingjia
Suresh, Tarun
Tan, Huanmi
Zhou, Zhanke
Koyejo, Sanmi
Wang, Ke
Aiken, Alex
contents We introduce SATBench, a benchmark for evaluating the logical reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) through logical puzzles derived from Boolean satisfiability (SAT) problems. Unlike prior work that focuses on inference rule-based reasoning, which often involves deducing conclusions from a set of premises, our approach leverages the search-based nature of SAT problems, where the objective is to find a solution that fulfills a specified set of logical constraints. Each instance in SATBench is generated from a SAT formula, then translated into a puzzle using LLMs. The generation process is fully automated and allows for adjustable difficulty by varying the number of clauses. All 2100 puzzles are validated through both LLM-based and solver-based consistency checks, with human validation on a subset. Experimental results show that even the strongest model, o4-mini, achieves only 65.0% accuracy on hard UNSAT problems, close to the random baseline of 50%. Our error analysis reveals systematic failures such as satisfiability bias, context inconsistency, and condition omission, highlighting limitations of current LLMs in search-based logical reasoning. Our code and data are publicly available at https://github.com/Anjiang-Wei/SATBench
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_14615
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle SATBench: Benchmarking LLMs' Logical Reasoning via Automated Puzzle Generation from SAT Formulas
Wei, Anjiang
Wu, Yuheng
Wan, Yingjia
Suresh, Tarun
Tan, Huanmi
Zhou, Zhanke
Koyejo, Sanmi
Wang, Ke
Aiken, Alex
Artificial Intelligence
Computation and Language
Machine Learning
Logic in Computer Science
We introduce SATBench, a benchmark for evaluating the logical reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) through logical puzzles derived from Boolean satisfiability (SAT) problems. Unlike prior work that focuses on inference rule-based reasoning, which often involves deducing conclusions from a set of premises, our approach leverages the search-based nature of SAT problems, where the objective is to find a solution that fulfills a specified set of logical constraints. Each instance in SATBench is generated from a SAT formula, then translated into a puzzle using LLMs. The generation process is fully automated and allows for adjustable difficulty by varying the number of clauses. All 2100 puzzles are validated through both LLM-based and solver-based consistency checks, with human validation on a subset. Experimental results show that even the strongest model, o4-mini, achieves only 65.0% accuracy on hard UNSAT problems, close to the random baseline of 50%. Our error analysis reveals systematic failures such as satisfiability bias, context inconsistency, and condition omission, highlighting limitations of current LLMs in search-based logical reasoning. Our code and data are publicly available at https://github.com/Anjiang-Wei/SATBench
title SATBench: Benchmarking LLMs' Logical Reasoning via Automated Puzzle Generation from SAT Formulas
topic Artificial Intelligence
Computation and Language
Machine Learning
Logic in Computer Science
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.14615