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Main Authors: Tencent Hunyuan Team, Liu, Ao, Zhou, Botong, Xu, Can, Zhou, Chayse, Zhang, ChenChen, Xu, Chengcheng, Wang, Chenhao, Wu, Decheng, Wu, Dengpeng, Jiao, Dian, Du, Dong, Wang, Dong, Zhang, Feng, Lian, Fengzong, Xu, Guanghui, Zhang, Guanwei, Wang, Hai, Luo, Haipeng, Hu, Han, Xu, Huilin, Wu, Jiajia, Zhu, Jianchen, Yan, Jianfeng, Zhu, Jiaqi, Zhang, Jihong, Xue, Jinbao, Xia, Jun, Zheng, Junqiang, Liu, Kai, Zhang, Kai, Zheng, Kai, Li, Kejiao, Wang, Keyao, Jiang, Lan, Liu, Lixin, Wu, Lulu, Huang, Mengyuan, Yu, Peijie, Wang, Peiqi, Wang, Qian, Xiang, Qianbiao, Liu, Qibin, Sun, Qingfeng, Guo, Richard, Xie, Ruobing, Yang, Saiyong, Chen, Shaohua, Hu, Shihui, Li, Shuai, Li, Shuaipeng, Chen, Shuang, Zheng, Suncong, Yang, Tao, Zhang, Tian, Yu, Tinghao, Han, Weidong, Liu, Weijie, Zhou, Weijin, Wang, Weikang, Chen, Wesleye, Feng, Xiao, Ren, Xiaoqin, Sun, Xingwu, Kuang, Xiong, Huang, Xuemeng, Cao, Xun, Chen, Yanfeng, Du, Yang, Yang, Zhen, Tao, Yangyu, Deng, Yaping, Shen, Yi, Hong, Yigeng, Chen, Yiqi, Huang, Yiqing, Deng, Yuchi, Mao, Yue, Wang, Yulong, Zeng, Yuyuan, Xu, Zenan, Kang, Zhanhui, Zhao, Zhe, Yan, ZhenXiang, Fang, Zheng, Hu, Zhichao, Chen, Zhongzhi, Li, Zhuoyu, Li, Zongwei, Yan, Alex, Liang, Ande, Liu, Baitong, Pan, Beiping, Xing, Bin, Wu, Binghong, Qu, Bingxin, Ni, Bolin, Wu, Boyu, Li, Chen, Jiang, Cheng, Zhang, Cheng, Liu, Chengjun, Yang, Chengxu, Xu, Chengzhong, Wang, Chiyu, Zha, Chong, Yi, Daisy, Wang, Di, Lu, Fanyang, Chen, Fei, Liu, Feifei, Zheng, Feng, Yu, Guanghua, Li, Guiyang, Wang, Guohua, Lin, Haisheng, Liu, Han, Wang, Han, Fei, Hao, Lu, Hao, Jiang, Haoqing, Sun, Haoran, Zhu, Haotian, Dai, Huangjin, Chen, Huankui, Feng, Huawen, Cai, Huihui, Peng, Huxin, Lv, Jackson, Shi, Jiacheng, Bu, Jiahao, Li, Jianbo, Hu, Jianglu, Guan, Jiangtao, Xu, Jianing, Cai, Jianwei, Zhang, Jiarong, Song, Jiawei, Jiang, Jie, Liu, Jie, Yang, Jieneng, lv, Jin, Zhao, Jing, Li, Jinjian, Liu, Jinxing, Zhao, Jun, Guo, Juntao, Wang, Kai, Wu, Kan, Fu, Lei, He, Lei, Wang, Lei, Liu, Li, Dong, Liang, Zhan, Liya, Cheng, Long, Xu, Long, Zheng, Mao, Liu, Meng, Hu, Mengkang, Chen, Nanli, Chen, Peirui, He, Peng, Pan, Pengju, Wei, Pengzhi, Yang, Qi, Yi, Qi, Wang, Roberts, Chen, Rongpeng, Sun, Rui, Yang, Rui, Chen, Ruibin, Zhou, Ruixu, Zhang, Shaofeng, Zhang, Sheng, Xu, Shihao, Chang, Shuaishuai, Liu, Shulin, Wang, SiQi, Feng, Songjia, Yuan, Songling, Zhang, Tao, Lang, Tianjiao, Li, Tongkai, Deng, Wei, Li, Wei, Wang, Weichao, Zhang, Weigang, Sun, Weixuan, Ouyang, Wen, Jiao, Wenxiang, Sun, Wenzhi, Jia, Wenzhuo, Zhang, Xiang, He, Xiangyu, Ren, Xianshun, Zhu, XiaoYing, Guo, Xiaolong, Li, Xiaoxue, Ma, Xiaoyu, Lu, Xican, Feng, Xinhua, Huang, Xinting, Guan, Xinyu, Li, Xirui, Zhang, Xu, Gao, Xudong, Luo, Xun, Qi, Xuxiang, Chen, Yangkun, Xiao, Yanling, Mai, Yantao, Chen, Yanze, Ding, Yao, Yang, Yeting, Song, YiFan, Yang, Yifan, Zhu, Yijiao, Wu, Yinhe, Liu, Yixian, Yang, Yong, Cai, Yuanjun, Tu, Yuanlin, Zhang, Yue, Huang, Yufei, Zhou, Yuhang, Jiang, Yuhao, Liu, Yuhong, Hu, Yuhui, Lin, Yujin, Yang, Yun, Wang, Yunhao, Zhang, Yusong, Wu, Zekun, Zhang, Zelong, Yu, Zhan, Yang, Zhaoliang, Li, Zheng, Huang, Zhenyu, Liu, Zhiguang, Xu, Zhijiang, Kui, Zhiqing, Zeng, Zhiyin, Xiong, Zhiyuan, Han, Zhuo, Wu, Zifan, Geng, Zigang, Zhao, Zilong, Tang, Ziyan, Zhu, Ziyuan, Zhu, Zonglei
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Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.15431
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author Tencent Hunyuan Team
Liu, Ao
Zhou, Botong
Xu, Can
Zhou, Chayse
Zhang, ChenChen
Xu, Chengcheng
Wang, Chenhao
Wu, Decheng
Wu, Dengpeng
Jiao, Dian
Du, Dong
Wang, Dong
Zhang, Feng
Lian, Fengzong
Xu, Guanghui
Zhang, Guanwei
Wang, Hai
Luo, Haipeng
Hu, Han
Xu, Huilin
Wu, Jiajia
Zhu, Jianchen
Yan, Jianfeng
Zhu, Jiaqi
Zhang, Jihong
Xue, Jinbao
Xia, Jun
Zheng, Junqiang
Liu, Kai
Zhang, Kai
Zheng, Kai
Li, Kejiao
Wang, Keyao
Jiang, Lan
Liu, Lixin
Wu, Lulu
Huang, Mengyuan
Yu, Peijie
Wang, Peiqi
Wang, Qian
Xiang, Qianbiao
Liu, Qibin
Sun, Qingfeng
Guo, Richard
Xie, Ruobing
Yang, Saiyong
Chen, Shaohua
Hu, Shihui
Li, Shuai
Li, Shuaipeng
Chen, Shuang
Zheng, Suncong
Yang, Tao
Zhang, Tian
Yu, Tinghao
Han, Weidong
Liu, Weijie
Zhou, Weijin
Wang, Weikang
Chen, Wesleye
Feng, Xiao
Ren, Xiaoqin
Sun, Xingwu
Kuang, Xiong
Huang, Xuemeng
Cao, Xun
Chen, Yanfeng
Du, Yang
Yang, Zhen
Tao, Yangyu
Deng, Yaping
Shen, Yi
Hong, Yigeng
Chen, Yiqi
Huang, Yiqing
Deng, Yuchi
Mao, Yue
Wang, Yulong
Zeng, Yuyuan
Xu, Zenan
Kang, Zhanhui
Zhao, Zhe
Yan, ZhenXiang
Fang, Zheng
Hu, Zhichao
Chen, Zhongzhi
Li, Zhuoyu
Li, Zongwei
Yan, Alex
Liang, Ande
Liu, Baitong
Pan, Beiping
Xing, Bin
Wu, Binghong
Qu, Bingxin
Ni, Bolin
Wu, Boyu
Li, Chen
Jiang, Cheng
Zhang, Cheng
Liu, Chengjun
Yang, Chengxu
Xu, Chengzhong
Wang, Chiyu
Zha, Chong
Yi, Daisy
Wang, Di
Lu, Fanyang
Chen, Fei
Liu, Feifei
Zheng, Feng
Yu, Guanghua
Li, Guiyang
Wang, Guohua
Lin, Haisheng
Liu, Han
Wang, Han
Fei, Hao
Lu, Hao
Jiang, Haoqing
Sun, Haoran
Zhu, Haotian
Dai, Huangjin
Chen, Huankui
Feng, Huawen
Cai, Huihui
Peng, Huxin
Lv, Jackson
Shi, Jiacheng
Bu, Jiahao
Li, Jianbo
Hu, Jianglu
Guan, Jiangtao
Xu, Jianing
Cai, Jianwei
Zhang, Jiarong
Song, Jiawei
Jiang, Jie
Liu, Jie
Yang, Jieneng
Zhang, Jihong
lv, Jin
Zhao, Jing
Li, Jinjian
Liu, Jinxing
Zhao, Jun
Guo, Juntao
Wang, Kai
Wu, Kan
Fu, Lei
He, Lei
Wang, Lei
Liu, Li
Dong, Liang
Zhan, Liya
Cheng, Long
Xu, Long
Zheng, Mao
Liu, Meng
Hu, Mengkang
Chen, Nanli
Chen, Peirui
He, Peng
Pan, Pengju
Wei, Pengzhi
Yang, Qi
Yi, Qi
Wang, Roberts
Chen, Rongpeng
Sun, Rui
Yang, Rui
Chen, Ruibin
Zhou, Ruixu
Zhang, Shaofeng
Zhang, Sheng
Xu, Shihao
Chang, Shuaishuai
Liu, Shulin
Wang, SiQi
Feng, Songjia
Yuan, Songling
Zhang, Tao
Lang, Tianjiao
Li, Tongkai
Deng, Wei
Li, Wei
Wang, Weichao
Zhang, Weigang
Sun, Weixuan
Ouyang, Wen
Jiao, Wenxiang
Sun, Wenzhi
Jia, Wenzhuo
Zhang, Xiang
He, Xiangyu
Ren, Xianshun
Zhu, XiaoYing
Guo, Xiaolong
Li, Xiaoxue
Ma, Xiaoyu
Lu, Xican
Feng, Xinhua
Huang, Xinting
Guan, Xinyu
Li, Xirui
Zhang, Xu
Gao, Xudong
Luo, Xun
Qi, Xuxiang
Chen, Yangkun
Tao, Yangyu
Xiao, Yanling
Mai, Yantao
Chen, Yanze
Ding, Yao
Yang, Yeting
Song, YiFan
Yang, Yifan
Zhu, Yijiao
Wu, Yinhe
Liu, Yixian
Yang, Yong
Cai, Yuanjun
Tu, Yuanlin
Zhang, Yue
Huang, Yufei
Zhou, Yuhang
Jiang, Yuhao
Liu, Yuhong
Hu, Yuhui
Lin, Yujin
Yang, Yun
Wang, Yunhao
Zhang, Yusong
Wu, Zekun
Zhang, Zelong
Yu, Zhan
Yang, Zhaoliang
Zhao, Zhe
Li, Zheng
Huang, Zhenyu
Liu, Zhiguang
Xu, Zhijiang
Kui, Zhiqing
Zeng, Zhiyin
Xiong, Zhiyuan
Han, Zhuo
Wu, Zifan
Geng, Zigang
Zhao, Zilong
Tang, Ziyan
Zhu, Ziyuan
Zhu, Zonglei
Xu, Zhijiang
author_facet Tencent Hunyuan Team
Liu, Ao
Zhou, Botong
Xu, Can
Zhou, Chayse
Zhang, ChenChen
Xu, Chengcheng
Wang, Chenhao
Wu, Decheng
Wu, Dengpeng
Jiao, Dian
Du, Dong
Wang, Dong
Zhang, Feng
Lian, Fengzong
Xu, Guanghui
Zhang, Guanwei
Wang, Hai
Luo, Haipeng
Hu, Han
Xu, Huilin
Wu, Jiajia
Zhu, Jianchen
Yan, Jianfeng
Zhu, Jiaqi
Zhang, Jihong
Xue, Jinbao
Xia, Jun
Zheng, Junqiang
Liu, Kai
Zhang, Kai
Zheng, Kai
Li, Kejiao
Wang, Keyao
Jiang, Lan
Liu, Lixin
Wu, Lulu
Huang, Mengyuan
Yu, Peijie
Wang, Peiqi
Wang, Qian
Xiang, Qianbiao
Liu, Qibin
Sun, Qingfeng
Guo, Richard
Xie, Ruobing
Yang, Saiyong
Chen, Shaohua
Hu, Shihui
Li, Shuai
Li, Shuaipeng
Chen, Shuang
Zheng, Suncong
Yang, Tao
Zhang, Tian
Yu, Tinghao
Han, Weidong
Liu, Weijie
Zhou, Weijin
Wang, Weikang
Chen, Wesleye
Feng, Xiao
Ren, Xiaoqin
Sun, Xingwu
Kuang, Xiong
Huang, Xuemeng
Cao, Xun
Chen, Yanfeng
Du, Yang
Yang, Zhen
Tao, Yangyu
Deng, Yaping
Shen, Yi
Hong, Yigeng
Chen, Yiqi
Huang, Yiqing
Deng, Yuchi
Mao, Yue
Wang, Yulong
Zeng, Yuyuan
Xu, Zenan
Kang, Zhanhui
Zhao, Zhe
Yan, ZhenXiang
Fang, Zheng
Hu, Zhichao
Chen, Zhongzhi
Li, Zhuoyu
Li, Zongwei
Yan, Alex
Liang, Ande
Liu, Baitong
Pan, Beiping
Xing, Bin
Wu, Binghong
Qu, Bingxin
Ni, Bolin
Wu, Boyu
Li, Chen
Jiang, Cheng
Zhang, Cheng
Liu, Chengjun
Yang, Chengxu
Xu, Chengzhong
Wang, Chiyu
Zha, Chong
Yi, Daisy
Wang, Di
Lu, Fanyang
Chen, Fei
Liu, Feifei
Zheng, Feng
Yu, Guanghua
Li, Guiyang
Wang, Guohua
Lin, Haisheng
Liu, Han
Wang, Han
Fei, Hao
Lu, Hao
Jiang, Haoqing
Sun, Haoran
Zhu, Haotian
Dai, Huangjin
Chen, Huankui
Feng, Huawen
Cai, Huihui
Peng, Huxin
Lv, Jackson
Shi, Jiacheng
Bu, Jiahao
Li, Jianbo
Hu, Jianglu
Guan, Jiangtao
Xu, Jianing
Cai, Jianwei
Zhang, Jiarong
Song, Jiawei
Jiang, Jie
Liu, Jie
Yang, Jieneng
Zhang, Jihong
lv, Jin
Zhao, Jing
Li, Jinjian
Liu, Jinxing
Zhao, Jun
Guo, Juntao
Wang, Kai
Wu, Kan
Fu, Lei
He, Lei
Wang, Lei
Liu, Li
Dong, Liang
Zhan, Liya
Cheng, Long
Xu, Long
Zheng, Mao
Liu, Meng
Hu, Mengkang
Chen, Nanli
Chen, Peirui
He, Peng
Pan, Pengju
Wei, Pengzhi
Yang, Qi
Yi, Qi
Wang, Roberts
Chen, Rongpeng
Sun, Rui
Yang, Rui
Chen, Ruibin
Zhou, Ruixu
Zhang, Shaofeng
Zhang, Sheng
Xu, Shihao
Chang, Shuaishuai
Liu, Shulin
Wang, SiQi
Feng, Songjia
Yuan, Songling
Zhang, Tao
Lang, Tianjiao
Li, Tongkai
Deng, Wei
Li, Wei
Wang, Weichao
Zhang, Weigang
Sun, Weixuan
Ouyang, Wen
Jiao, Wenxiang
Sun, Wenzhi
Jia, Wenzhuo
Zhang, Xiang
He, Xiangyu
Ren, Xianshun
Zhu, XiaoYing
Guo, Xiaolong
Li, Xiaoxue
Ma, Xiaoyu
Lu, Xican
Feng, Xinhua
Huang, Xinting
Guan, Xinyu
Li, Xirui
Zhang, Xu
Gao, Xudong
Luo, Xun
Qi, Xuxiang
Chen, Yangkun
Tao, Yangyu
Xiao, Yanling
Mai, Yantao
Chen, Yanze
Ding, Yao
Yang, Yeting
Song, YiFan
Yang, Yifan
Zhu, Yijiao
Wu, Yinhe
Liu, Yixian
Yang, Yong
Cai, Yuanjun
Tu, Yuanlin
Zhang, Yue
Huang, Yufei
Zhou, Yuhang
Jiang, Yuhao
Liu, Yuhong
Hu, Yuhui
Lin, Yujin
Yang, Yun
Wang, Yunhao
Zhang, Yusong
Wu, Zekun
Zhang, Zelong
Yu, Zhan
Yang, Zhaoliang
Zhao, Zhe
Li, Zheng
Huang, Zhenyu
Liu, Zhiguang
Xu, Zhijiang
Kui, Zhiqing
Zeng, Zhiyin
Xiong, Zhiyuan
Han, Zhuo
Wu, Zifan
Geng, Zigang
Zhao, Zilong
Tang, Ziyan
Zhu, Ziyuan
Zhu, Zonglei
Xu, Zhijiang
contents As Large Language Models (LLMs) rapidly advance, we introduce Hunyuan-TurboS, a novel large hybrid Transformer-Mamba Mixture of Experts (MoE) model. It synergistically combines Mamba's long-sequence processing efficiency with Transformer's superior contextual understanding. Hunyuan-TurboS features an adaptive long-short chain-of-thought (CoT) mechanism, dynamically switching between rapid responses for simple queries and deep "thinking" modes for complex problems, optimizing computational resources. Architecturally, this 56B activated (560B total) parameter model employs 128 layers (Mamba2, Attention, FFN) with an innovative AMF/MF block pattern. Faster Mamba2 ensures linear complexity, Grouped-Query Attention minimizes KV cache, and FFNs use an MoE structure. Pre-trained on 16T high-quality tokens, it supports a 256K context length and is the first industry-deployed large-scale Mamba model. Our comprehensive post-training strategy enhances capabilities via Supervised Fine-Tuning (3M instructions), a novel Adaptive Long-short CoT Fusion method, Multi-round Deliberation Learning for iterative improvement, and a two-stage Large-scale Reinforcement Learning process targeting STEM and general instruction-following. Evaluations show strong performance: overall top 7 rank on LMSYS Chatbot Arena with a score of 1356, outperforming leading models like Gemini-2.0-Flash-001 (1352) and o4-mini-2025-04-16 (1345). TurboS also achieves an average of 77.9% across 23 automated benchmarks. Hunyuan-TurboS balances high performance and efficiency, offering substantial capabilities at lower inference costs than many reasoning models, establishing a new paradigm for efficient large-scale pre-trained models.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_15431
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Hunyuan-TurboS: Advancing Large Language Models through Mamba-Transformer Synergy and Adaptive Chain-of-Thought
Tencent Hunyuan Team
Liu, Ao
Zhou, Botong
Xu, Can
Zhou, Chayse
Zhang, ChenChen
Xu, Chengcheng
Wang, Chenhao
Wu, Decheng
Wu, Dengpeng
Jiao, Dian
Du, Dong
Wang, Dong
Zhang, Feng
Lian, Fengzong
Xu, Guanghui
Zhang, Guanwei
Wang, Hai
Luo, Haipeng
Hu, Han
Xu, Huilin
Wu, Jiajia
Zhu, Jianchen
Yan, Jianfeng
Zhu, Jiaqi
Zhang, Jihong
Xue, Jinbao
Xia, Jun
Zheng, Junqiang
Liu, Kai
Zhang, Kai
Zheng, Kai
Li, Kejiao
Wang, Keyao
Jiang, Lan
Liu, Lixin
Wu, Lulu
Huang, Mengyuan
Yu, Peijie
Wang, Peiqi
Wang, Qian
Xiang, Qianbiao
Liu, Qibin
Sun, Qingfeng
Guo, Richard
Xie, Ruobing
Yang, Saiyong
Chen, Shaohua
Hu, Shihui
Li, Shuai
Li, Shuaipeng
Chen, Shuang
Zheng, Suncong
Yang, Tao
Zhang, Tian
Yu, Tinghao
Han, Weidong
Liu, Weijie
Zhou, Weijin
Wang, Weikang
Chen, Wesleye
Feng, Xiao
Ren, Xiaoqin
Sun, Xingwu
Kuang, Xiong
Huang, Xuemeng
Cao, Xun
Chen, Yanfeng
Du, Yang
Yang, Zhen
Tao, Yangyu
Deng, Yaping
Shen, Yi
Hong, Yigeng
Chen, Yiqi
Huang, Yiqing
Deng, Yuchi
Mao, Yue
Wang, Yulong
Zeng, Yuyuan
Xu, Zenan
Kang, Zhanhui
Zhao, Zhe
Yan, ZhenXiang
Fang, Zheng
Hu, Zhichao
Chen, Zhongzhi
Li, Zhuoyu
Li, Zongwei
Yan, Alex
Liang, Ande
Liu, Baitong
Pan, Beiping
Xing, Bin
Wu, Binghong
Qu, Bingxin
Ni, Bolin
Wu, Boyu
Li, Chen
Jiang, Cheng
Zhang, Cheng
Liu, Chengjun
Yang, Chengxu
Xu, Chengzhong
Wang, Chiyu
Zha, Chong
Yi, Daisy
Wang, Di
Lu, Fanyang
Chen, Fei
Liu, Feifei
Zheng, Feng
Yu, Guanghua
Li, Guiyang
Wang, Guohua
Lin, Haisheng
Liu, Han
Wang, Han
Fei, Hao
Lu, Hao
Jiang, Haoqing
Sun, Haoran
Zhu, Haotian
Dai, Huangjin
Chen, Huankui
Feng, Huawen
Cai, Huihui
Peng, Huxin
Lv, Jackson
Shi, Jiacheng
Bu, Jiahao
Li, Jianbo
Hu, Jianglu
Guan, Jiangtao
Xu, Jianing
Cai, Jianwei
Zhang, Jiarong
Song, Jiawei
Jiang, Jie
Liu, Jie
Yang, Jieneng
Zhang, Jihong
lv, Jin
Zhao, Jing
Li, Jinjian
Liu, Jinxing
Zhao, Jun
Guo, Juntao
Wang, Kai
Wu, Kan
Fu, Lei
He, Lei
Wang, Lei
Liu, Li
Dong, Liang
Zhan, Liya
Cheng, Long
Xu, Long
Zheng, Mao
Liu, Meng
Hu, Mengkang
Chen, Nanli
Chen, Peirui
He, Peng
Pan, Pengju
Wei, Pengzhi
Yang, Qi
Yi, Qi
Wang, Roberts
Chen, Rongpeng
Sun, Rui
Yang, Rui
Chen, Ruibin
Zhou, Ruixu
Zhang, Shaofeng
Zhang, Sheng
Xu, Shihao
Chang, Shuaishuai
Liu, Shulin
Wang, SiQi
Feng, Songjia
Yuan, Songling
Zhang, Tao
Lang, Tianjiao
Li, Tongkai
Deng, Wei
Li, Wei
Wang, Weichao
Zhang, Weigang
Sun, Weixuan
Ouyang, Wen
Jiao, Wenxiang
Sun, Wenzhi
Jia, Wenzhuo
Zhang, Xiang
He, Xiangyu
Ren, Xianshun
Zhu, XiaoYing
Guo, Xiaolong
Li, Xiaoxue
Ma, Xiaoyu
Lu, Xican
Feng, Xinhua
Huang, Xinting
Guan, Xinyu
Li, Xirui
Zhang, Xu
Gao, Xudong
Luo, Xun
Qi, Xuxiang
Chen, Yangkun
Tao, Yangyu
Xiao, Yanling
Mai, Yantao
Chen, Yanze
Ding, Yao
Yang, Yeting
Song, YiFan
Yang, Yifan
Zhu, Yijiao
Wu, Yinhe
Liu, Yixian
Yang, Yong
Cai, Yuanjun
Tu, Yuanlin
Zhang, Yue
Huang, Yufei
Zhou, Yuhang
Jiang, Yuhao
Liu, Yuhong
Hu, Yuhui
Lin, Yujin
Yang, Yun
Wang, Yunhao
Zhang, Yusong
Wu, Zekun
Zhang, Zelong
Yu, Zhan
Yang, Zhaoliang
Zhao, Zhe
Li, Zheng
Huang, Zhenyu
Liu, Zhiguang
Xu, Zhijiang
Kui, Zhiqing
Zeng, Zhiyin
Xiong, Zhiyuan
Han, Zhuo
Wu, Zifan
Geng, Zigang
Zhao, Zilong
Tang, Ziyan
Zhu, Ziyuan
Zhu, Zonglei
Xu, Zhijiang
Computation and Language
As Large Language Models (LLMs) rapidly advance, we introduce Hunyuan-TurboS, a novel large hybrid Transformer-Mamba Mixture of Experts (MoE) model. It synergistically combines Mamba's long-sequence processing efficiency with Transformer's superior contextual understanding. Hunyuan-TurboS features an adaptive long-short chain-of-thought (CoT) mechanism, dynamically switching between rapid responses for simple queries and deep "thinking" modes for complex problems, optimizing computational resources. Architecturally, this 56B activated (560B total) parameter model employs 128 layers (Mamba2, Attention, FFN) with an innovative AMF/MF block pattern. Faster Mamba2 ensures linear complexity, Grouped-Query Attention minimizes KV cache, and FFNs use an MoE structure. Pre-trained on 16T high-quality tokens, it supports a 256K context length and is the first industry-deployed large-scale Mamba model. Our comprehensive post-training strategy enhances capabilities via Supervised Fine-Tuning (3M instructions), a novel Adaptive Long-short CoT Fusion method, Multi-round Deliberation Learning for iterative improvement, and a two-stage Large-scale Reinforcement Learning process targeting STEM and general instruction-following. Evaluations show strong performance: overall top 7 rank on LMSYS Chatbot Arena with a score of 1356, outperforming leading models like Gemini-2.0-Flash-001 (1352) and o4-mini-2025-04-16 (1345). TurboS also achieves an average of 77.9% across 23 automated benchmarks. Hunyuan-TurboS balances high performance and efficiency, offering substantial capabilities at lower inference costs than many reasoning models, establishing a new paradigm for efficient large-scale pre-trained models.
title Hunyuan-TurboS: Advancing Large Language Models through Mamba-Transformer Synergy and Adaptive Chain-of-Thought
topic Computation and Language
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.15431