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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2025
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.15713 |
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| _version_ | 1866913851219378176 |
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| author | Fernandes, Caio Machado Brillas, Enric Santos, Mauro C. Garcia-Segura, Sergi |
| author_facet | Fernandes, Caio Machado Brillas, Enric Santos, Mauro C. Garcia-Segura, Sergi |
| contents | This work reports the efficient degradation and mineralization of benzophenone-4 (BP-4), a widely used UV filter associated with endocrine-disrupting effects, via the electro-Fenton process. Key operating parameters including pH, current density, Fe2+ dosage, and initial pollutant concentration were optimized. At pH = 3.0, the best performance was obtained. Under optimum conditions of 20 mA cm-2 and 0.75 mM Fe2+, complete BP-4 degradation was achieved in remarkably short times: 2 min for 1-2.5 mg L-1, 3 min for 5 mg L-1, 4 min for 10 mg L-1, 5 min for 20 mg L-1, and 7 min for 40 mg L-1. Total mineralization was reached for low concentration of 1 mg L-1, varying between 77 and 90% for higher loads up to 40 mg L-1. The reaction followed pseudo-first-order kinetics, with high apparent rate constant of 0.641 min-1 for 40 mg L-1 and lower energy consumption of 0.261 kWh (g TOC)-1. Radical quenching experiments with TBA confirmed that physisorbed BDD(.OH) and homogeneous .OH were the predominant oxidants. Persistent carboxylic acid by-products, in the form of Fe3+ complexes, were the only residues after 180 min of treatment, readily being biodegradable. The process demonstrates high efficiency across a broad range of BP-4 concentrations, offering a viable solution for its removal from contaminated waters. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_15713 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Electro-Fenton treatment of benzophenone-4 solutions: A sustainable approach for its removal using an air-diffusion cathode Fernandes, Caio Machado Brillas, Enric Santos, Mauro C. Garcia-Segura, Sergi Chemical Physics This work reports the efficient degradation and mineralization of benzophenone-4 (BP-4), a widely used UV filter associated with endocrine-disrupting effects, via the electro-Fenton process. Key operating parameters including pH, current density, Fe2+ dosage, and initial pollutant concentration were optimized. At pH = 3.0, the best performance was obtained. Under optimum conditions of 20 mA cm-2 and 0.75 mM Fe2+, complete BP-4 degradation was achieved in remarkably short times: 2 min for 1-2.5 mg L-1, 3 min for 5 mg L-1, 4 min for 10 mg L-1, 5 min for 20 mg L-1, and 7 min for 40 mg L-1. Total mineralization was reached for low concentration of 1 mg L-1, varying between 77 and 90% for higher loads up to 40 mg L-1. The reaction followed pseudo-first-order kinetics, with high apparent rate constant of 0.641 min-1 for 40 mg L-1 and lower energy consumption of 0.261 kWh (g TOC)-1. Radical quenching experiments with TBA confirmed that physisorbed BDD(.OH) and homogeneous .OH were the predominant oxidants. Persistent carboxylic acid by-products, in the form of Fe3+ complexes, were the only residues after 180 min of treatment, readily being biodegradable. The process demonstrates high efficiency across a broad range of BP-4 concentrations, offering a viable solution for its removal from contaminated waters. |
| title | Electro-Fenton treatment of benzophenone-4 solutions: A sustainable approach for its removal using an air-diffusion cathode |
| topic | Chemical Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.15713 |