ToxicTone: A Mandarin Audio Dataset Annotated for Toxicity and Toxic Utterance Tonality

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Auteurs principaux: Luo, Yu-Xiang, Lin, Yi-Cheng, Chuang, Ming-To, Chen, Jia-Hung, Tsai, I-Ning, Kiew, Pei Xing, Huang, Yueh-Hsuan, Liu, Chien-Feng, Chen, Yu-Chen, Feng, Bo-Han, Ren, Wenze, Lee, Hung-yi
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Publié: 2025
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author Luo, Yu-Xiang
Lin, Yi-Cheng
Chuang, Ming-To
Chen, Jia-Hung
Tsai, I-Ning
Kiew, Pei Xing
Huang, Yueh-Hsuan
Liu, Chien-Feng
Chen, Yu-Chen
Feng, Bo-Han
Ren, Wenze
Lee, Hung-yi
author_facet Luo, Yu-Xiang
Lin, Yi-Cheng
Chuang, Ming-To
Chen, Jia-Hung
Tsai, I-Ning
Kiew, Pei Xing
Huang, Yueh-Hsuan
Liu, Chien-Feng
Chen, Yu-Chen
Feng, Bo-Han
Ren, Wenze
Lee, Hung-yi
contents Despite extensive research on toxic speech detection in text, a critical gap remains in handling spoken Mandarin audio. The lack of annotated datasets that capture the unique prosodic cues and culturally specific expressions in Mandarin leaves spoken toxicity underexplored. To address this, we introduce ToxicTone -- the largest public dataset of its kind -- featuring detailed annotations that distinguish both forms of toxicity (e.g., profanity, bullying) and sources of toxicity (e.g., anger, sarcasm, dismissiveness). Our data, sourced from diverse real-world audio and organized into 13 topical categories, mirrors authentic communication scenarios. We also propose a multimodal detection framework that integrates acoustic, linguistic, and emotional features using state-of-the-art speech and emotion encoders. Extensive experiments show our approach outperforms text-only and baseline models, underscoring the essential role of speech-specific cues in revealing hidden toxic expressions.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_15773
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle ToxicTone: A Mandarin Audio Dataset Annotated for Toxicity and Toxic Utterance Tonality
Luo, Yu-Xiang
Lin, Yi-Cheng
Chuang, Ming-To
Chen, Jia-Hung
Tsai, I-Ning
Kiew, Pei Xing
Huang, Yueh-Hsuan
Liu, Chien-Feng
Chen, Yu-Chen
Feng, Bo-Han
Ren, Wenze
Lee, Hung-yi
Audio and Speech Processing
Computation and Language
Sound
Despite extensive research on toxic speech detection in text, a critical gap remains in handling spoken Mandarin audio. The lack of annotated datasets that capture the unique prosodic cues and culturally specific expressions in Mandarin leaves spoken toxicity underexplored. To address this, we introduce ToxicTone -- the largest public dataset of its kind -- featuring detailed annotations that distinguish both forms of toxicity (e.g., profanity, bullying) and sources of toxicity (e.g., anger, sarcasm, dismissiveness). Our data, sourced from diverse real-world audio and organized into 13 topical categories, mirrors authentic communication scenarios. We also propose a multimodal detection framework that integrates acoustic, linguistic, and emotional features using state-of-the-art speech and emotion encoders. Extensive experiments show our approach outperforms text-only and baseline models, underscoring the essential role of speech-specific cues in revealing hidden toxic expressions.
title ToxicTone: A Mandarin Audio Dataset Annotated for Toxicity and Toxic Utterance Tonality
topic Audio and Speech Processing
Computation and Language
Sound
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.15773