The Application of Quantum Fourier Transform in Cosmic Microwave Background Data Analysis

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Farsian, Farida, Trombetti, Tiziana, Burigana, Carlo, Schilliró, Francesco, Bulgarelli, Andrea, Cardone, Vincenzo, Cappelli, Luca, Meneghetti, Massimo, Murante, Giuseppe, Rizzo, Alessandro, Sarracino, Giuseppe, Graziotti, Irene, Scaramella, Roberto, Testa, Vincenzo
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Farsian, Farida
Trombetti, Tiziana
Burigana, Carlo
Schilliró, Francesco
Bulgarelli, Andrea
Cardone, Vincenzo
Cappelli, Luca
Meneghetti, Massimo
Murante, Giuseppe
Rizzo, Alessandro
Sarracino, Giuseppe
Graziotti, Irene
Scaramella, Roberto
Testa, Vincenzo
author_facet Farsian, Farida
Trombetti, Tiziana
Burigana, Carlo
Schilliró, Francesco
Bulgarelli, Andrea
Cardone, Vincenzo
Cappelli, Luca
Meneghetti, Massimo
Murante, Giuseppe
Rizzo, Alessandro
Sarracino, Giuseppe
Graziotti, Irene
Scaramella, Roberto
Testa, Vincenzo
contents The Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) data analysis and the map-making process rely heavily on the use of spherical harmonics. For suitable pixelizations of the sphere, the (forward and inverse) Fourier transform plays a crucial role in computing all-sky map from spherical harmonic expansion coefficients -- or from angular power spectrum -- and vice versa. While the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is traditionally employed in these computations, the Quantum Fourier Transform (QFT) offers a theoretical advantage in terms of computational efficiency and potential speedup. In this work, we study the potential advantage of using the QFT in this context by exploring the substitution of the FFT with the QFT within the \textit{healpy} package. Performance evaluations are conducted using the Aer simulator. Our results indicate that QFT exhibits potential advantages over FFT that are particularly relevant at high-resolution. However, classical-to-quantum data encoding overhead represents a limitation to current efficiency. In this work, we adopted amplitude encoding, due to its efficiency on encoding maximum data to minimum number of qubits. We identify data encoding as a potential significant bottleneck and discuss its impact on quantum speedup. Future improvements in quantum encoding strategies and algorithmic optimizations could further enhance the feasibility of QFT in CMB data analysis.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_15855
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle The Application of Quantum Fourier Transform in Cosmic Microwave Background Data Analysis
Farsian, Farida
Trombetti, Tiziana
Burigana, Carlo
Schilliró, Francesco
Bulgarelli, Andrea
Cardone, Vincenzo
Cappelli, Luca
Meneghetti, Massimo
Murante, Giuseppe
Rizzo, Alessandro
Sarracino, Giuseppe
Graziotti, Irene
Scaramella, Roberto
Testa, Vincenzo
Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
The Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) data analysis and the map-making process rely heavily on the use of spherical harmonics. For suitable pixelizations of the sphere, the (forward and inverse) Fourier transform plays a crucial role in computing all-sky map from spherical harmonic expansion coefficients -- or from angular power spectrum -- and vice versa. While the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is traditionally employed in these computations, the Quantum Fourier Transform (QFT) offers a theoretical advantage in terms of computational efficiency and potential speedup. In this work, we study the potential advantage of using the QFT in this context by exploring the substitution of the FFT with the QFT within the \textit{healpy} package. Performance evaluations are conducted using the Aer simulator. Our results indicate that QFT exhibits potential advantages over FFT that are particularly relevant at high-resolution. However, classical-to-quantum data encoding overhead represents a limitation to current efficiency. In this work, we adopted amplitude encoding, due to its efficiency on encoding maximum data to minimum number of qubits. We identify data encoding as a potential significant bottleneck and discuss its impact on quantum speedup. Future improvements in quantum encoding strategies and algorithmic optimizations could further enhance the feasibility of QFT in CMB data analysis.
title The Application of Quantum Fourier Transform in Cosmic Microwave Background Data Analysis
topic Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.15855