Fast quantum interferometry at the nanometer and attosecond scales with energy-entangled photons
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| _version_ | 1866910961277861888 |
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| author | Lualdi, Colin P. Johnson, Spencer J. Vayninger, Michael Meier, Kristina A. Sahoo, Swetapadma Bogdanov, Simeon I. Kwiat, Paul G. |
| author_facet | Lualdi, Colin P. Johnson, Spencer J. Vayninger, Michael Meier, Kristina A. Sahoo, Swetapadma Bogdanov, Simeon I. Kwiat, Paul G. |
| contents | In classical optical interferometry, loss and background complicate achieving fast nanometer-resolution measurements with illumination at low light levels. Conversely, quantum two-photon interference is unaffected by loss and background, but nanometer-scale resolution is physically difficult to realize. As a solution, we enhance two-photon interference with highly non-degenerate energy entanglement featuring photon frequencies separated by 177 THz. We observe measurement resolution at the nanometer (attosecond) scale with only $O(10^4)$ photon pairs, despite the presence of background and loss. Our non-destructive thickness measurement of a metallic thin film agrees with atomic force microscopy, which often achieves better resolution via destructive means. With contactless, non-destructive measurements in seconds or faster, our instrument enables metrological studies in optically challenging contexts where background, loss, or photosensitivity are factors. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_15956 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Fast quantum interferometry at the nanometer and attosecond scales with energy-entangled photons Lualdi, Colin P. Johnson, Spencer J. Vayninger, Michael Meier, Kristina A. Sahoo, Swetapadma Bogdanov, Simeon I. Kwiat, Paul G. Quantum Physics Optics In classical optical interferometry, loss and background complicate achieving fast nanometer-resolution measurements with illumination at low light levels. Conversely, quantum two-photon interference is unaffected by loss and background, but nanometer-scale resolution is physically difficult to realize. As a solution, we enhance two-photon interference with highly non-degenerate energy entanglement featuring photon frequencies separated by 177 THz. We observe measurement resolution at the nanometer (attosecond) scale with only $O(10^4)$ photon pairs, despite the presence of background and loss. Our non-destructive thickness measurement of a metallic thin film agrees with atomic force microscopy, which often achieves better resolution via destructive means. With contactless, non-destructive measurements in seconds or faster, our instrument enables metrological studies in optically challenging contexts where background, loss, or photosensitivity are factors. |
| title | Fast quantum interferometry at the nanometer and attosecond scales with energy-entangled photons |
| topic | Quantum Physics Optics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.15956 |