SONIC: Cost-Effective Web Access for Developing Countries

Fuente: arXiv
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Hauptverfasser: Pandey, Ayush, Asim, Rohail, Fendji, Jean Louis K. E., Rahwan, Talal, Varvello, Matteo, Zaki, Yasir
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2025
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author Pandey, Ayush
Asim, Rohail
Fendji, Jean Louis K. E.
Rahwan, Talal
Varvello, Matteo
Zaki, Yasir
author_facet Pandey, Ayush
Asim, Rohail
Fendji, Jean Louis K. E.
Rahwan, Talal
Varvello, Matteo
Zaki, Yasir
contents Over 2.6 billion people remain without access to the Internet in 2025. This phenomenon is especially pronounced in developing regions, where cost and infrastructure limitations are major barriers to connectivity. In response, we design SONIC, a low-cost, scalable data delivery system that builds on existing infrastructures: FM radio for downlink broadcasting, and SMS for personalized uplink. SONIC is motivated by the widespread availability of FM radio and SMS infrastructure in developing regions, along with embedded FM radio tuners in affordable mobile phones. SONIC offers several innovations to effectively transmit Web content over sound over FM radio, in a reliable and compressed form. For example, we transmit pre-rendered webpages and leverage pixel interpolation to recover errors at the receiver. We further modify Android to offer a simpler deployment pipeline, supporting a wide range of devices. We deployed SONIC at an FM radio station in Cameroon for six weeks with 30 participants. Our results demonstrate a sustained downlink throughput of 10 kbps, less than 20% loss for a majority of transmissions with signal strength above -90 dbM, and a strong user engagement across both Web browsing and ChatGPT interactions.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_16519
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle SONIC: Cost-Effective Web Access for Developing Countries
Pandey, Ayush
Asim, Rohail
Fendji, Jean Louis K. E.
Rahwan, Talal
Varvello, Matteo
Zaki, Yasir
Networking and Internet Architecture
Over 2.6 billion people remain without access to the Internet in 2025. This phenomenon is especially pronounced in developing regions, where cost and infrastructure limitations are major barriers to connectivity. In response, we design SONIC, a low-cost, scalable data delivery system that builds on existing infrastructures: FM radio for downlink broadcasting, and SMS for personalized uplink. SONIC is motivated by the widespread availability of FM radio and SMS infrastructure in developing regions, along with embedded FM radio tuners in affordable mobile phones. SONIC offers several innovations to effectively transmit Web content over sound over FM radio, in a reliable and compressed form. For example, we transmit pre-rendered webpages and leverage pixel interpolation to recover errors at the receiver. We further modify Android to offer a simpler deployment pipeline, supporting a wide range of devices. We deployed SONIC at an FM radio station in Cameroon for six weeks with 30 participants. Our results demonstrate a sustained downlink throughput of 10 kbps, less than 20% loss for a majority of transmissions with signal strength above -90 dbM, and a strong user engagement across both Web browsing and ChatGPT interactions.
title SONIC: Cost-Effective Web Access for Developing Countries
topic Networking and Internet Architecture
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.16519