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Main Authors: Shi, Haihao, Huang, Zhenyang, Yan, Qiyu, Li, Jun, Lü, Guoliang, Chen, Xuefei
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.16562
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author Shi, Haihao
Huang, Zhenyang
Yan, Qiyu
Li, Jun
Lü, Guoliang
Chen, Xuefei
author_facet Shi, Haihao
Huang, Zhenyang
Yan, Qiyu
Li, Jun
Lü, Guoliang
Chen, Xuefei
contents In axion models, interactions between axions and electromagnetic waves induce frequency-dependent time delays determined by the axion mass and decay constant. These small delays are difficult to detect, limiting the effectiveness of traditional methods. We compute such delays under realistic radio telescope conditions and identify a prominent dispersive feature near half the axion mass, which appears non-divergent within the limits of observational resolution. Based on this, we develop a machine learning method that achieves 90\% classification accuracy and demonstrates well performance in low signal-to-noise regimes. The method's robustness is confirmed against false positives using both simulated noisy data and real-world, known-null observations. Future improvements in optical clock precision and telescope bandwidth, particularly with instruments such as the Qitai Radio Telescope, may enhance constraints on the axion decay constant by up to four orders of magnitude in the $10^{-6} \sim 10^{-4}$ eV mass range.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_16562
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Hunting Hidden Axion Signals in Pulsar Dispersion Measurements with Machine Learning
Shi, Haihao
Huang, Zhenyang
Yan, Qiyu
Li, Jun
Lü, Guoliang
Chen, Xuefei
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
In axion models, interactions between axions and electromagnetic waves induce frequency-dependent time delays determined by the axion mass and decay constant. These small delays are difficult to detect, limiting the effectiveness of traditional methods. We compute such delays under realistic radio telescope conditions and identify a prominent dispersive feature near half the axion mass, which appears non-divergent within the limits of observational resolution. Based on this, we develop a machine learning method that achieves 90\% classification accuracy and demonstrates well performance in low signal-to-noise regimes. The method's robustness is confirmed against false positives using both simulated noisy data and real-world, known-null observations. Future improvements in optical clock precision and telescope bandwidth, particularly with instruments such as the Qitai Radio Telescope, may enhance constraints on the axion decay constant by up to four orders of magnitude in the $10^{-6} \sim 10^{-4}$ eV mass range.
title Hunting Hidden Axion Signals in Pulsar Dispersion Measurements with Machine Learning
topic High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.16562