The S-PLUS Fornax Project (S+FP): Mapping H$α$+[NII] emission in 77 Fornax galaxy members reaching $\sim$4 Rvir
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arXiv
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| Natura: | Preprint |
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2025
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| author | Lopes, A. R. Castelli, A. V. Smith Krabbe, A. C. Hernandez-Jimenez, J. A. Pallero, D. Torres-Flores, S. Telles, E. Sarzi, M. Cortesi, A. Thainá-Batista, J. Fernandes, R. Cid Lacerda, E. A. D. Sampaio, M. Sasse, V. H. Herpich, F. R. Andruchow, I. Demarco, R. Gutiérrez-Soto, L. A. Grossi, M. Haack, R. F. Humire, P. K. Lima-Dias, C. Limberg, G. Lobo, C. Lomelí-Núñez, L. Lopes, P. A. A. Olave-Rojas, D. E. Werner, S. V . Almeida-Fernandes, F. Schwarz, G. B. Oliveira Schoenell, W. Ribeiro, T. Kanaan, A. de Oliveira, C. Mendes |
| author_facet | Lopes, A. R. Castelli, A. V. Smith Krabbe, A. C. Hernandez-Jimenez, J. A. Pallero, D. Torres-Flores, S. Telles, E. Sarzi, M. Cortesi, A. Thainá-Batista, J. Fernandes, R. Cid Lacerda, E. A. D. Sampaio, M. Sasse, V. H. Herpich, F. R. Andruchow, I. Demarco, R. Gutiérrez-Soto, L. A. Grossi, M. Haack, R. F. Humire, P. K. Lima-Dias, C. Limberg, G. Lobo, C. Lomelí-Núñez, L. Lopes, P. A. A. Olave-Rojas, D. E. Werner, S. V . Almeida-Fernandes, F. Schwarz, G. B. Oliveira Schoenell, W. Ribeiro, T. Kanaan, A. de Oliveira, C. Mendes |
| contents | The Fornax cluster, the second-largest galaxy cluster within 20 Mpc, presents an ideal environment for studying environmental effects on galaxy evolution. Utilizing data from the Southern Photometric Local Universe Survey (S-PLUS), this study explores the H$α$+[NII] emission maps across an area of approximately 208 square degrees around NGC 1399. For such, a dedicated semi-automated pipeline, Pixel-to-Pixel Emission Line Estimate (PELE), was developed to generate emission line maps by processing S-PLUS images using the Three Filter Method. A morphological analysis was conducted using the ASTROMORPHLIB package to determine whether H$α$+[NII] emitters exhibit perturbed features. The study successfully detected 77 H$α$+[NII] emitters with $r<18$ mag, extending to four times the virial radius of the Fornax cluster. PELE demonstrated its ability to recover flux down to 2e-17 erg s$^{-1}$ cm$^{-2}$ when compared to H$α$ maps from MUSE/VLT. Among the emitters, 25% are early-type galaxies (ETG) and 75% late-type galaxies (LTG). Signs of morphological perturbation or merger activity are observed in 44% of the LTG and in three ETG located beyond the cluster's virial radius. A significant fraction (91%) of the emitters are identified as recent infallers, primarily located in the northwestern region of the cluster, while others are associated with the infalling group Fornax A in the southwest. Disturbed, low-mass galaxies at larger cluster-centric distances provide evidence of galaxies begin transforming before entering the main cluster. This study demonstrates S-PLUS's effectiveness in detecting emitters, whose distribution reflects the Fornax cluster's assembly history, with LTG linked to recent infall from the field, possibly along a Fornax-Eridanus filament, and ETG may have evolved prior to entry. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_16738 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | The S-PLUS Fornax Project (S+FP): Mapping H$α$+[NII] emission in 77 Fornax galaxy members reaching $\sim$4 Rvir Lopes, A. R. Castelli, A. V. Smith Krabbe, A. C. Hernandez-Jimenez, J. A. Pallero, D. Torres-Flores, S. Telles, E. Sarzi, M. Cortesi, A. Thainá-Batista, J. Fernandes, R. Cid Lacerda, E. A. D. Sampaio, M. Sasse, V. H. Herpich, F. R. Andruchow, I. Demarco, R. Gutiérrez-Soto, L. A. Grossi, M. Haack, R. F. Humire, P. K. Lima-Dias, C. Limberg, G. Lobo, C. Lomelí-Núñez, L. Lopes, P. A. A. Olave-Rojas, D. E. Werner, S. V . Almeida-Fernandes, F. Schwarz, G. B. Oliveira Schoenell, W. Ribeiro, T. Kanaan, A. de Oliveira, C. Mendes Astrophysics of Galaxies The Fornax cluster, the second-largest galaxy cluster within 20 Mpc, presents an ideal environment for studying environmental effects on galaxy evolution. Utilizing data from the Southern Photometric Local Universe Survey (S-PLUS), this study explores the H$α$+[NII] emission maps across an area of approximately 208 square degrees around NGC 1399. For such, a dedicated semi-automated pipeline, Pixel-to-Pixel Emission Line Estimate (PELE), was developed to generate emission line maps by processing S-PLUS images using the Three Filter Method. A morphological analysis was conducted using the ASTROMORPHLIB package to determine whether H$α$+[NII] emitters exhibit perturbed features. The study successfully detected 77 H$α$+[NII] emitters with $r<18$ mag, extending to four times the virial radius of the Fornax cluster. PELE demonstrated its ability to recover flux down to 2e-17 erg s$^{-1}$ cm$^{-2}$ when compared to H$α$ maps from MUSE/VLT. Among the emitters, 25% are early-type galaxies (ETG) and 75% late-type galaxies (LTG). Signs of morphological perturbation or merger activity are observed in 44% of the LTG and in three ETG located beyond the cluster's virial radius. A significant fraction (91%) of the emitters are identified as recent infallers, primarily located in the northwestern region of the cluster, while others are associated with the infalling group Fornax A in the southwest. Disturbed, low-mass galaxies at larger cluster-centric distances provide evidence of galaxies begin transforming before entering the main cluster. This study demonstrates S-PLUS's effectiveness in detecting emitters, whose distribution reflects the Fornax cluster's assembly history, with LTG linked to recent infall from the field, possibly along a Fornax-Eridanus filament, and ETG may have evolved prior to entry. |
| title | The S-PLUS Fornax Project (S+FP): Mapping H$α$+[NII] emission in 77 Fornax galaxy members reaching $\sim$4 Rvir |
| topic | Astrophysics of Galaxies |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.16738 |