Fractional balanced chromatic number and arboricity of planar (signed) graphs

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Naserasr, Reza, Pham, Lan Anh, Pujol, Cyril, Zhou, Huan
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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_version_ 1866915298685222912
author Naserasr, Reza
Pham, Lan Anh
Pujol, Cyril
Zhou, Huan
author_facet Naserasr, Reza
Pham, Lan Anh
Pujol, Cyril
Zhou, Huan
contents A fractional coloring of a signed graph $(G, σ)$ is an assignment of nonnegative weights to the balanced sets (sets which do not induce a negative cycle) such that each vertex has an accumulated weight of at least 1. The minimum total wight among all such colorings is defined to be the fractional balanced chromatic number, denoted by $χ-{fb}(G, σ)$. This value is clearly upper bounded by the fractional arboricity of $G$, denoted $a_f (G)$, where weights are assigned to sets inducing no cycle rather than sets inducing no negative cycle. In this work we present an example of a planar signed simple graph of fractional balanced chromatic number larger than 2, thus in particular refuting a conjecture of Bonamy, Kardos, Kelly, and Postle suggesting that the fractional arboricity of planar graphs is bounded above by 2. By iterating the construction, we show that the supremum of the fractional balanced chromatic number of planar signed simple graphs is at least as $83/41 = 2 + 1/41$. With similar operations, we built a sequence of planar graphs whose limit of fractional arboricity is $a_f (G) = 2 + 2/25$.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_16808
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Fractional balanced chromatic number and arboricity of planar (signed) graphs
Naserasr, Reza
Pham, Lan Anh
Pujol, Cyril
Zhou, Huan
Combinatorics
A fractional coloring of a signed graph $(G, σ)$ is an assignment of nonnegative weights to the balanced sets (sets which do not induce a negative cycle) such that each vertex has an accumulated weight of at least 1. The minimum total wight among all such colorings is defined to be the fractional balanced chromatic number, denoted by $χ-{fb}(G, σ)$. This value is clearly upper bounded by the fractional arboricity of $G$, denoted $a_f (G)$, where weights are assigned to sets inducing no cycle rather than sets inducing no negative cycle. In this work we present an example of a planar signed simple graph of fractional balanced chromatic number larger than 2, thus in particular refuting a conjecture of Bonamy, Kardos, Kelly, and Postle suggesting that the fractional arboricity of planar graphs is bounded above by 2. By iterating the construction, we show that the supremum of the fractional balanced chromatic number of planar signed simple graphs is at least as $83/41 = 2 + 1/41$. With similar operations, we built a sequence of planar graphs whose limit of fractional arboricity is $a_f (G) = 2 + 2/25$.
title Fractional balanced chromatic number and arboricity of planar (signed) graphs
topic Combinatorics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.16808