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Main Authors: Oktar, Kerem, Collins, Katherine M., Hernandez-Orallo, Jose, Coyle, Diane, Cave, Stephen, Weller, Adrian, Sucholutsky, Ilia
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.16899
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author Oktar, Kerem
Collins, Katherine M.
Hernandez-Orallo, Jose
Coyle, Diane
Cave, Stephen
Weller, Adrian
Sucholutsky, Ilia
author_facet Oktar, Kerem
Collins, Katherine M.
Hernandez-Orallo, Jose
Coyle, Diane
Cave, Stephen
Weller, Adrian
Sucholutsky, Ilia
contents Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems have historically been used as tools that execute narrowly defined tasks. Yet recent advances in AI have unlocked possibilities for a new class of models that genuinely collaborate with humans in complex reasoning, from conceptualizing problems to brainstorming solutions. Such AI thought partners enable novel forms of collaboration and extended cognition, yet they also pose major risks-including and beyond risks of typical AI tools and agents. In this commentary, we systematically identify risks of AI thought partners through a novel framework that identifies risks at multiple levels of analysis, including Real-time, Individual, and Societal risks arising from collaborative cognition (RISc). We leverage this framework to propose concrete metrics for risk evaluation, and finally suggest specific mitigation strategies for developers and policymakers. As AI thought partners continue to proliferate, these strategies can help prevent major harms and ensure that humans actively benefit from productive thought partnerships.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_16899
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Identifying, Evaluating, and Mitigating Risks of AI Thought Partnerships
Oktar, Kerem
Collins, Katherine M.
Hernandez-Orallo, Jose
Coyle, Diane
Cave, Stephen
Weller, Adrian
Sucholutsky, Ilia
Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems have historically been used as tools that execute narrowly defined tasks. Yet recent advances in AI have unlocked possibilities for a new class of models that genuinely collaborate with humans in complex reasoning, from conceptualizing problems to brainstorming solutions. Such AI thought partners enable novel forms of collaboration and extended cognition, yet they also pose major risks-including and beyond risks of typical AI tools and agents. In this commentary, we systematically identify risks of AI thought partners through a novel framework that identifies risks at multiple levels of analysis, including Real-time, Individual, and Societal risks arising from collaborative cognition (RISc). We leverage this framework to propose concrete metrics for risk evaluation, and finally suggest specific mitigation strategies for developers and policymakers. As AI thought partners continue to proliferate, these strategies can help prevent major harms and ensure that humans actively benefit from productive thought partnerships.
title Identifying, Evaluating, and Mitigating Risks of AI Thought Partnerships
topic Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.16899