Quasi-optimal hierarchically semi-separable matrix approximation

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Amsel, Noah, Chen, Tyler, Keles, Feyza Duman, Halikias, Diana, Musco, Cameron, Musco, Christopher, Persson, David
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Amsel, Noah
Chen, Tyler
Keles, Feyza Duman
Halikias, Diana
Musco, Cameron
Musco, Christopher
Persson, David
author_facet Amsel, Noah
Chen, Tyler
Keles, Feyza Duman
Halikias, Diana
Musco, Cameron
Musco, Christopher
Persson, David
contents We present a randomized algorithm for producing a quasi-optimal hierarchically semi-separable (HSS) approximation to an $N\times N$ matrix $A$ using only matrix-vector products with $A$ and $A^T$. We prove that, using $O(k \log(N/k))$ matrix-vector products and ${O}(N k^2 \log(N/k))$ additional runtime, the algorithm returns an HSS matrix $B$ with rank-$k$ blocks whose expected Frobenius norm error $\mathbb{E}[\|A - B\|_F^2]$ is at most $O(\log(N/k))$ times worse than the best possible approximation error by an HSS rank-$k$ matrix. In fact, the algorithm we analyze in a simple modification of an empirically effective method proposed by [Levitt & Martinsson, SISC 2024]. As a stepping stone towards our main result, we prove two results that are of independent interest: a similar guarantee for a variant of the algorithm which accesses $A$'s entries directly, and explicit error bounds for near-optimal subspace approximation using projection-cost-preserving sketches. To the best of our knowledge, our analysis constitutes the first polynomial-time quasi-optimality result for HSS matrix approximation, both in the explicit access model and the matrix-vector product query model.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_16937
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Quasi-optimal hierarchically semi-separable matrix approximation
Amsel, Noah
Chen, Tyler
Keles, Feyza Duman
Halikias, Diana
Musco, Cameron
Musco, Christopher
Persson, David
Numerical Analysis
Data Structures and Algorithms
65F55, 68W20, 68W25
We present a randomized algorithm for producing a quasi-optimal hierarchically semi-separable (HSS) approximation to an $N\times N$ matrix $A$ using only matrix-vector products with $A$ and $A^T$. We prove that, using $O(k \log(N/k))$ matrix-vector products and ${O}(N k^2 \log(N/k))$ additional runtime, the algorithm returns an HSS matrix $B$ with rank-$k$ blocks whose expected Frobenius norm error $\mathbb{E}[\|A - B\|_F^2]$ is at most $O(\log(N/k))$ times worse than the best possible approximation error by an HSS rank-$k$ matrix. In fact, the algorithm we analyze in a simple modification of an empirically effective method proposed by [Levitt & Martinsson, SISC 2024]. As a stepping stone towards our main result, we prove two results that are of independent interest: a similar guarantee for a variant of the algorithm which accesses $A$'s entries directly, and explicit error bounds for near-optimal subspace approximation using projection-cost-preserving sketches. To the best of our knowledge, our analysis constitutes the first polynomial-time quasi-optimality result for HSS matrix approximation, both in the explicit access model and the matrix-vector product query model.
title Quasi-optimal hierarchically semi-separable matrix approximation
topic Numerical Analysis
Data Structures and Algorithms
65F55, 68W20, 68W25
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.16937