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Main Authors: Yao, Dingling, Huang, Shimeng, Cadei, Riccardo, Zhang, Kun, Locatello, Francesco
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.17708
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author Yao, Dingling
Huang, Shimeng
Cadei, Riccardo
Zhang, Kun
Locatello, Francesco
author_facet Yao, Dingling
Huang, Shimeng
Cadei, Riccardo
Zhang, Kun
Locatello, Francesco
contents Causal reasoning and discovery, two fundamental tasks of causal analysis, often face challenges in applications due to the complexity, noisiness, and high-dimensionality of real-world data. Despite recent progress in identifying latent causal structures using causal representation learning (CRL), what makes learned representations useful for causal downstream tasks and how to evaluate them are still not well understood. In this paper, we reinterpret CRL using a measurement model framework, where the learned representations are viewed as proxy measurements of the latent causal variables. Our approach clarifies the conditions under which learned representations support downstream causal reasoning and provides a principled basis for quantitatively assessing the quality of representations using a new Test-based Measurement EXclusivity (T-MEX) score. We validate T-MEX across diverse causal inference scenarios, including numerical simulations and real-world ecological video analysis, demonstrating that the proposed framework and corresponding score effectively assess the identification of learned representations and their usefulness for causal downstream tasks.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_17708
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle The Third Pillar of Causal Analysis? A Measurement Perspective on Causal Representations
Yao, Dingling
Huang, Shimeng
Cadei, Riccardo
Zhang, Kun
Locatello, Francesco
Machine Learning
Causal reasoning and discovery, two fundamental tasks of causal analysis, often face challenges in applications due to the complexity, noisiness, and high-dimensionality of real-world data. Despite recent progress in identifying latent causal structures using causal representation learning (CRL), what makes learned representations useful for causal downstream tasks and how to evaluate them are still not well understood. In this paper, we reinterpret CRL using a measurement model framework, where the learned representations are viewed as proxy measurements of the latent causal variables. Our approach clarifies the conditions under which learned representations support downstream causal reasoning and provides a principled basis for quantitatively assessing the quality of representations using a new Test-based Measurement EXclusivity (T-MEX) score. We validate T-MEX across diverse causal inference scenarios, including numerical simulations and real-world ecological video analysis, demonstrating that the proposed framework and corresponding score effectively assess the identification of learned representations and their usefulness for causal downstream tasks.
title The Third Pillar of Causal Analysis? A Measurement Perspective on Causal Representations
topic Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.17708