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| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2025
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.17776 |
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| _version_ | 1866913855521685504 |
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| author | Alla, Ildi Loscri, Valeria |
| author_facet | Alla, Ildi Loscri, Valeria |
| contents | Emerging 5G millimeter-wave and sub-6 GHz networks enable high-accuracy indoor localization, but security and privacy vulnerabilities pose serious challenges. In this paper, we identify and address threats including location spoofing and adversarial signal manipulation against 5G-based indoor localization. We formalize a threat model encompassing attackers who inject forged radio signals or perturb channel measurements to mislead the localization system. To defend against these threats, we propose an adversary-resilient localization architecture that combines deep learning fingerprinting with physical domain knowledge. Our approach integrates multi-anchor Channel Impulse Response (CIR) fingerprints with Time Difference of Arrival (TDoA) features and known anchor positions in a hybrid Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and multi-head attention network. This design inherently checks geometric consistency and dynamically down-weights anomalous signals, making localization robust to tampering. We formulate the secure localization problem and demonstrate, through extensive experiments on a public 5G indoor dataset, that the proposed system achieves a mean error approximately 0.58 m under mixed Line-of-Sight (LOS) and Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) trajectories in benign conditions and gracefully degrades to around 0.81 m under attack scenarios. We also show via ablation studies that each architecture component (attention mechanism, TDoA, etc.) is critical for both accuracy and resilience, reducing errors by 4-5 times compared to baselines. In addition, our system runs in real-time, localizing the user in just 1 ms on a simple CPU. The code has been released to ensure reproducibility (https://github.com/sec5gloc/Sec5GLoc). |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_17776 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Sec5GLoc: Securing 5G Indoor Localization via Adversary-Resilient Deep Learning Architecture Alla, Ildi Loscri, Valeria Cryptography and Security Emerging 5G millimeter-wave and sub-6 GHz networks enable high-accuracy indoor localization, but security and privacy vulnerabilities pose serious challenges. In this paper, we identify and address threats including location spoofing and adversarial signal manipulation against 5G-based indoor localization. We formalize a threat model encompassing attackers who inject forged radio signals or perturb channel measurements to mislead the localization system. To defend against these threats, we propose an adversary-resilient localization architecture that combines deep learning fingerprinting with physical domain knowledge. Our approach integrates multi-anchor Channel Impulse Response (CIR) fingerprints with Time Difference of Arrival (TDoA) features and known anchor positions in a hybrid Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and multi-head attention network. This design inherently checks geometric consistency and dynamically down-weights anomalous signals, making localization robust to tampering. We formulate the secure localization problem and demonstrate, through extensive experiments on a public 5G indoor dataset, that the proposed system achieves a mean error approximately 0.58 m under mixed Line-of-Sight (LOS) and Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) trajectories in benign conditions and gracefully degrades to around 0.81 m under attack scenarios. We also show via ablation studies that each architecture component (attention mechanism, TDoA, etc.) is critical for both accuracy and resilience, reducing errors by 4-5 times compared to baselines. In addition, our system runs in real-time, localizing the user in just 1 ms on a simple CPU. The code has been released to ensure reproducibility (https://github.com/sec5gloc/Sec5GLoc). |
| title | Sec5GLoc: Securing 5G Indoor Localization via Adversary-Resilient Deep Learning Architecture |
| topic | Cryptography and Security |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.17776 |