Modelling cosmic-ray transport: magnetised versus unmagnetised motion in astrophysical magnetic turbulence

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Lübke, Jeremiah, Reichherzer, Patrick, Aerdker, Sophie, Effenberger, Frederic, Wilbert, Mike, Fichtner, Horst, Grauer, Rainer
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Lübke, Jeremiah
Reichherzer, Patrick
Aerdker, Sophie
Effenberger, Frederic
Wilbert, Mike
Fichtner, Horst
Grauer, Rainer
author_facet Lübke, Jeremiah
Reichherzer, Patrick
Aerdker, Sophie
Effenberger, Frederic
Wilbert, Mike
Fichtner, Horst
Grauer, Rainer
contents Cosmic-ray transport in turbulent astrophysical environments remains a multifaceted problem and, despite decades of study, the impact of complex magnetic field geometry -- evident in simulations and observations -- has only recently received more focussed attention. To understand how ensemble-averaged transport behaviour emerges from the intricate interactions between cosmic rays and structured magnetic turbulence, we run test-particle experiments in snapshots of a strongly turbulent magnetohydrodynamics simulation. We characterise particle-turbulence interactions via the gyro radii of particles and their experienced field-line curvatures, which reveals two distinct transport modes: magnetised motion, where particles are tightly bound to strong coherent flux tubes and undergo large-scale mirroring; and unmagnetised motion, characterised by chaotic scattering through weak and highly tangled regions of the magnetic field. We formulate an effective stochastic process for each mode: compound subdiffusion with long mean free paths for magnetised motion, and a Langevin process with short mean free paths for unmagnetised motion. A combined stochastic walker that alternates between these two modes accurately reproduces the mean squared displacements observed in the test-particle data. Our results emphasise the critical role of coherent magnetic structures in comprehensively understanding cosmic-ray transport and lay a foundation for developing a theory of geometry-mediated transport.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_18155
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Modelling cosmic-ray transport: magnetised versus unmagnetised motion in astrophysical magnetic turbulence
Lübke, Jeremiah
Reichherzer, Patrick
Aerdker, Sophie
Effenberger, Frederic
Wilbert, Mike
Fichtner, Horst
Grauer, Rainer
Plasma Physics
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Cosmic-ray transport in turbulent astrophysical environments remains a multifaceted problem and, despite decades of study, the impact of complex magnetic field geometry -- evident in simulations and observations -- has only recently received more focussed attention. To understand how ensemble-averaged transport behaviour emerges from the intricate interactions between cosmic rays and structured magnetic turbulence, we run test-particle experiments in snapshots of a strongly turbulent magnetohydrodynamics simulation. We characterise particle-turbulence interactions via the gyro radii of particles and their experienced field-line curvatures, which reveals two distinct transport modes: magnetised motion, where particles are tightly bound to strong coherent flux tubes and undergo large-scale mirroring; and unmagnetised motion, characterised by chaotic scattering through weak and highly tangled regions of the magnetic field. We formulate an effective stochastic process for each mode: compound subdiffusion with long mean free paths for magnetised motion, and a Langevin process with short mean free paths for unmagnetised motion. A combined stochastic walker that alternates between these two modes accurately reproduces the mean squared displacements observed in the test-particle data. Our results emphasise the critical role of coherent magnetic structures in comprehensively understanding cosmic-ray transport and lay a foundation for developing a theory of geometry-mediated transport.
title Modelling cosmic-ray transport: magnetised versus unmagnetised motion in astrophysical magnetic turbulence
topic Plasma Physics
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.18155