An Outlook on the Opportunities and Challenges of Multi-Agent AI Systems

Fuente: arXiv
Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Tian, Fangqiao, Luo, An, Du, Jin, Xian, Xun, Specht, Robert, Wang, Ganghua, Bi, Xuan, Zhou, Jiawei, Kundu, Ashish, Srinivasa, Jayanth, Fleming, Charles, Zhang, Rui, Liu, Zirui, Hong, Mingyi, Ding, Jie
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1866911118320992256
author Tian, Fangqiao
Luo, An
Du, Jin
Xian, Xun
Specht, Robert
Wang, Ganghua
Bi, Xuan
Zhou, Jiawei
Kundu, Ashish
Srinivasa, Jayanth
Fleming, Charles
Zhang, Rui
Liu, Zirui
Hong, Mingyi
Ding, Jie
author_facet Tian, Fangqiao
Luo, An
Du, Jin
Xian, Xun
Specht, Robert
Wang, Ganghua
Bi, Xuan
Zhou, Jiawei
Kundu, Ashish
Srinivasa, Jayanth
Fleming, Charles
Zhang, Rui
Liu, Zirui
Hong, Mingyi
Ding, Jie
contents A multi-agent AI system (MAS) is composed of multiple autonomous agents that interact, exchange information, and make decisions based on internal generative models. Recent advances in large language models and tool-using agents have made MAS increasingly practical in areas like scientific discovery and collaborative automation. However, key questions remain: When are MAS more effective than single-agent systems? What new safety risks arise from agent interactions? And how should we evaluate their reliability and structure? This paper outlines a formal framework for analyzing MAS, focusing on two core aspects: effectiveness and safety. We explore whether MAS truly improve robustness, adaptability, and performance, or merely repackage known techniques like ensemble learning. We also study how inter-agent dynamics may amplify or suppress system vulnerabilities. While MAS are relatively new to the signal processing community, we envision them as a powerful abstraction that extends classical tools like distributed estimation and sensor fusion to higher-level, policy-driven inference. Through experiments on data science automation, we highlight the potential of MAS to reshape how signal processing systems are designed and trusted.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_18397
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle An Outlook on the Opportunities and Challenges of Multi-Agent AI Systems
Tian, Fangqiao
Luo, An
Du, Jin
Xian, Xun
Specht, Robert
Wang, Ganghua
Bi, Xuan
Zhou, Jiawei
Kundu, Ashish
Srinivasa, Jayanth
Fleming, Charles
Zhang, Rui
Liu, Zirui
Hong, Mingyi
Ding, Jie
Multiagent Systems
Artificial Intelligence
Emerging Technologies
Machine Learning
68T42 (Agent technology and artificial intelligence), 68T01 (General topics in artificial intelligence), 68M14 (Distributed systems)
I.2.11; I.2.4; I.2.6
A multi-agent AI system (MAS) is composed of multiple autonomous agents that interact, exchange information, and make decisions based on internal generative models. Recent advances in large language models and tool-using agents have made MAS increasingly practical in areas like scientific discovery and collaborative automation. However, key questions remain: When are MAS more effective than single-agent systems? What new safety risks arise from agent interactions? And how should we evaluate their reliability and structure? This paper outlines a formal framework for analyzing MAS, focusing on two core aspects: effectiveness and safety. We explore whether MAS truly improve robustness, adaptability, and performance, or merely repackage known techniques like ensemble learning. We also study how inter-agent dynamics may amplify or suppress system vulnerabilities. While MAS are relatively new to the signal processing community, we envision them as a powerful abstraction that extends classical tools like distributed estimation and sensor fusion to higher-level, policy-driven inference. Through experiments on data science automation, we highlight the potential of MAS to reshape how signal processing systems are designed and trusted.
title An Outlook on the Opportunities and Challenges of Multi-Agent AI Systems
topic Multiagent Systems
Artificial Intelligence
Emerging Technologies
Machine Learning
68T42 (Agent technology and artificial intelligence), 68T01 (General topics in artificial intelligence), 68M14 (Distributed systems)
I.2.11; I.2.4; I.2.6
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.18397