Usability of Token-based and Remote Electronic Signatures: A User Experience Study

Fuente: arXiv
Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Ege, Omer, Cagal, Mustafa, Bicakci, Kemal
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1866915303550615552
author Ege, Omer
Cagal, Mustafa
Bicakci, Kemal
author_facet Ege, Omer
Cagal, Mustafa
Bicakci, Kemal
contents As electronic signatures (e-signatures) become increasingly integral to secure digital transactions, understanding their usability and security perception from an end-user perspective has become crucial. This study empirically evaluates and compares two major e-signature systems -- token-based and remote signatures -- through a controlled user experience study with 20 participants. Participants completed tasks involving acquisition, installation, and document signing using both methods, followed by structured surveys and qualitative feedback. Statistical analyses revealed that remote e-signatures were perceived as significantly more usable than token-based ones, due to their minimal setup and platform-independent accessibility. In contrast, token-based signatures were rated as significantly more secure, highlighting users' trust in hardware-based protection. Although more participants preferred remote e-signatures for document signing, the preference did not reach statistical significance, indicating a trend toward favoring convenience in real-world scenarios. These findings underline the fundamental trade-off between usability and perceived security in digital signing systems. By bridging the gap between theoretical frameworks and real user experience, this study contributes valuable insights to the design and policymaking of qualified electronic signature solutions.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_18814
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Usability of Token-based and Remote Electronic Signatures: A User Experience Study
Ege, Omer
Cagal, Mustafa
Bicakci, Kemal
Cryptography and Security
Human-Computer Interaction
68M01
H.5.2; K.6.5
As electronic signatures (e-signatures) become increasingly integral to secure digital transactions, understanding their usability and security perception from an end-user perspective has become crucial. This study empirically evaluates and compares two major e-signature systems -- token-based and remote signatures -- through a controlled user experience study with 20 participants. Participants completed tasks involving acquisition, installation, and document signing using both methods, followed by structured surveys and qualitative feedback. Statistical analyses revealed that remote e-signatures were perceived as significantly more usable than token-based ones, due to their minimal setup and platform-independent accessibility. In contrast, token-based signatures were rated as significantly more secure, highlighting users' trust in hardware-based protection. Although more participants preferred remote e-signatures for document signing, the preference did not reach statistical significance, indicating a trend toward favoring convenience in real-world scenarios. These findings underline the fundamental trade-off between usability and perceived security in digital signing systems. By bridging the gap between theoretical frameworks and real user experience, this study contributes valuable insights to the design and policymaking of qualified electronic signature solutions.
title Usability of Token-based and Remote Electronic Signatures: A User Experience Study
topic Cryptography and Security
Human-Computer Interaction
68M01
H.5.2; K.6.5
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.18814