Numerical Periodic Normalization at Codim 1 Bifurcations of Limit Cycles in DDEs

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Main Authors: Bosschaert, M. M., Lentjes, B., Spek, L., Kuznetsov, Yu. A.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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_version_ 1866911599511470080
author Bosschaert, M. M.
Lentjes, B.
Spek, L.
Kuznetsov, Yu. A.
author_facet Bosschaert, M. M.
Lentjes, B.
Spek, L.
Kuznetsov, Yu. A.
contents Recent work in [53, 54] by the authors on periodic center manifolds and normal forms for bifurcations of limit cycles in delay differential equations (DDEs) motivates the derivation of explicit computational formulas for the critical normal form coefficients of all codimension one bifurcations of limit cycles. In this paper, we derive such formulas via an application of the periodic normalization method in combination with the functional analytic perturbation framework for dual semigroups (sun-star calculus). The explicit formulas allow us to distinguish between nondegenerate, sub- and supercritical bifurcations. To efficiently apply these formulas, we introduce the characteristic operator as this enables us to use robust numerical boundary-value algorithms based on orthogonal collocation. Although our theoretical results are proven in a more general setting, the software implementation and examples focus on discrete DDEs. The actual implementation is described in detail and its effectiveness is demonstrated on various models.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_19786
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Numerical Periodic Normalization at Codim 1 Bifurcations of Limit Cycles in DDEs
Bosschaert, M. M.
Lentjes, B.
Spek, L.
Kuznetsov, Yu. A.
Dynamical Systems
Functional Analysis
34K19, 37G15, 47M20, 65L07
Recent work in [53, 54] by the authors on periodic center manifolds and normal forms for bifurcations of limit cycles in delay differential equations (DDEs) motivates the derivation of explicit computational formulas for the critical normal form coefficients of all codimension one bifurcations of limit cycles. In this paper, we derive such formulas via an application of the periodic normalization method in combination with the functional analytic perturbation framework for dual semigroups (sun-star calculus). The explicit formulas allow us to distinguish between nondegenerate, sub- and supercritical bifurcations. To efficiently apply these formulas, we introduce the characteristic operator as this enables us to use robust numerical boundary-value algorithms based on orthogonal collocation. Although our theoretical results are proven in a more general setting, the software implementation and examples focus on discrete DDEs. The actual implementation is described in detail and its effectiveness is demonstrated on various models.
title Numerical Periodic Normalization at Codim 1 Bifurcations of Limit Cycles in DDEs
topic Dynamical Systems
Functional Analysis
34K19, 37G15, 47M20, 65L07
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.19786