Quantum computation of hadron scattering in a lattice gauge theory

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Main Authors: Davoudi, Zohreh, Hsieh, Chung-Chun, Kadam, Saurabh V.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Davoudi, Zohreh
Hsieh, Chung-Chun
Kadam, Saurabh V.
author_facet Davoudi, Zohreh
Hsieh, Chung-Chun
Kadam, Saurabh V.
contents We present a digital quantum computation of two-hadron scattering in a $Z_2$ lattice gauge theory in 1+1 dimensions. We prepare well-separated single-particle wave packets with desired momentum-space wavefunctions, and simulate their collision through digitized time evolution. Multiple hadronic wave packets can be produced using the efficient, systematically improvable algorithm of this work, achieving high fidelity with the target initial state. Specifically, employing a trapped-ion quantum computer (IonQ Forte), we prepare up to three meson wave packets using 11 and 27 system qubits, and simulate collision dynamics of two meson wave packets for the smaller system. Results for local observables are consistent with numerical simulations at early times, but decoherence effects limit evolution into long times. We demonstrate the critical role of high-fidelity initial states for precision measurements of state-sensitive observables, such as $S$-matrix elements. Our work establishes the potential of quantum computers in simulating hadron-scattering processes in strongly interacting gauge theories.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_20408
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Quantum computation of hadron scattering in a lattice gauge theory
Davoudi, Zohreh
Hsieh, Chung-Chun
Kadam, Saurabh V.
Quantum Physics
High Energy Physics - Lattice
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Nuclear Theory
We present a digital quantum computation of two-hadron scattering in a $Z_2$ lattice gauge theory in 1+1 dimensions. We prepare well-separated single-particle wave packets with desired momentum-space wavefunctions, and simulate their collision through digitized time evolution. Multiple hadronic wave packets can be produced using the efficient, systematically improvable algorithm of this work, achieving high fidelity with the target initial state. Specifically, employing a trapped-ion quantum computer (IonQ Forte), we prepare up to three meson wave packets using 11 and 27 system qubits, and simulate collision dynamics of two meson wave packets for the smaller system. Results for local observables are consistent with numerical simulations at early times, but decoherence effects limit evolution into long times. We demonstrate the critical role of high-fidelity initial states for precision measurements of state-sensitive observables, such as $S$-matrix elements. Our work establishes the potential of quantum computers in simulating hadron-scattering processes in strongly interacting gauge theories.
title Quantum computation of hadron scattering in a lattice gauge theory
topic Quantum Physics
High Energy Physics - Lattice
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Nuclear Theory
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.20408