Constructing Algorithmic Authority: How Multi-Channel Networks (MCNs) Govern Live-Streaming Labor in China

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Xiao, Qing, Chen, Rongyi, Xiao, Jingjia, Fu, Tianyang, Zhang, Alice Qian, Fan, Xianzhe, Zhang, Bingbing, Lu, Zhicong, Shen, Hong
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Xiao, Qing
Chen, Rongyi
Xiao, Jingjia
Fu, Tianyang
Zhang, Alice Qian
Fan, Xianzhe
Zhang, Bingbing
Lu, Zhicong
Shen, Hong
author_facet Xiao, Qing
Chen, Rongyi
Xiao, Jingjia
Fu, Tianyang
Zhang, Alice Qian
Fan, Xianzhe
Zhang, Bingbing
Lu, Zhicong
Shen, Hong
contents This study examines the discursive construction of algorithms and its role in labor management in Chinese live-streaming industry by focusing on how intermediary organizations (Multi-Channel Networks, MCNs) actively construct, stabilize, and deploy particular interpretations of platform algorithms as instruments of labor management. Drawing on a nine-month ethnographic fieldwork and 44 interviews with live-streamers, former live-streamers, and MCN staff, we examine how MCNs produce and circulate structured interpretations of platform algorithms across organizational settings. We show that MCNs articulate two asymmetric yet interconnected forms of algorithmic interpretations. Internally, MCNs managers approach algorithms as volatile and uncertain systems and adopt probabilistic strategies to manage performance and risk. Externally, in interactions with streamers, MCNs circulate simplified and prescriptive algorithmic narratives that frame platform systems as transparent, fair, and responsive to individual effort. These organizationally produced algorithmic interpretations are embedded into training materials, live-streaming performance metrics, and everyday management practices. Through these mechanisms, streamers internalize responsibility for outcomes, intensify self-discipline, and increase investments in equipment, performing skills, and routines to maintain streamer-audience relationship, while accountability for unpredictable outcomes is increasingly shifted away from managers and platforms. This study contributes to CSCW and platform labor research by demonstrating how discursively constructed algorithmic knowledge can function as an intermediary infrastructure of soft control, shaping how platform labor is regulated, moralized, and governed in practice.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_20623
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Constructing Algorithmic Authority: How Multi-Channel Networks (MCNs) Govern Live-Streaming Labor in China
Xiao, Qing
Chen, Rongyi
Xiao, Jingjia
Fu, Tianyang
Zhang, Alice Qian
Fan, Xianzhe
Zhang, Bingbing
Lu, Zhicong
Shen, Hong
Human-Computer Interaction
Computers and Society
This study examines the discursive construction of algorithms and its role in labor management in Chinese live-streaming industry by focusing on how intermediary organizations (Multi-Channel Networks, MCNs) actively construct, stabilize, and deploy particular interpretations of platform algorithms as instruments of labor management. Drawing on a nine-month ethnographic fieldwork and 44 interviews with live-streamers, former live-streamers, and MCN staff, we examine how MCNs produce and circulate structured interpretations of platform algorithms across organizational settings. We show that MCNs articulate two asymmetric yet interconnected forms of algorithmic interpretations. Internally, MCNs managers approach algorithms as volatile and uncertain systems and adopt probabilistic strategies to manage performance and risk. Externally, in interactions with streamers, MCNs circulate simplified and prescriptive algorithmic narratives that frame platform systems as transparent, fair, and responsive to individual effort. These organizationally produced algorithmic interpretations are embedded into training materials, live-streaming performance metrics, and everyday management practices. Through these mechanisms, streamers internalize responsibility for outcomes, intensify self-discipline, and increase investments in equipment, performing skills, and routines to maintain streamer-audience relationship, while accountability for unpredictable outcomes is increasingly shifted away from managers and platforms. This study contributes to CSCW and platform labor research by demonstrating how discursively constructed algorithmic knowledge can function as an intermediary infrastructure of soft control, shaping how platform labor is regulated, moralized, and governed in practice.
title Constructing Algorithmic Authority: How Multi-Channel Networks (MCNs) Govern Live-Streaming Labor in China
topic Human-Computer Interaction
Computers and Society
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.20623