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Main Authors: Xie, Kui, Romagnoli, Giovanni, Bucchioni, Giordana, Bemporad, Alberto
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.21248
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author Xie, Kui
Romagnoli, Giovanni
Bucchioni, Giordana
Bemporad, Alberto
author_facet Xie, Kui
Romagnoli, Giovanni
Bucchioni, Giordana
Bemporad, Alberto
contents Accurate relative orbit determination is a significant challenge in modern space operations, particularly when relying only on angular measurements. The inherent observability limitations of this approach make initial state estimation difficult, directly impacting mission safety and performance. This work proposes a hybrid estimation and control strategy for autonomous rendezvous. An active learning (AL) based algorithm designs the initial input control sequence by maximizing the exploration of the output space, thereby enhancing the observability of the initial relative state for the angle-only initial relative orbit determination (IROD) problem. The IROD solution provides a batch estimate of the initial relative state and its analytical covariance, which quantifies the estimation quality and determines the transition point to recursive filtering. Once the uncertainty is sufficiently low, an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is initialized with the IROD solution and takes over for sequential estimation, providing state estimates to a Model Predictive Controller (MPC) to complete the rendezvous. The proposed framework is validated through numerical simulations, demonstrating its ability to reliably resolve the scale ambiguity, outperform baseline excitation strategies, and successfully execute an end-to-end rendezvous from initial estimation to final approach.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_21248
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Active Learning-Based Input Design for Angle-Only Initial Relative Orbit Determination
Xie, Kui
Romagnoli, Giovanni
Bucchioni, Giordana
Bemporad, Alberto
Systems and Control
Accurate relative orbit determination is a significant challenge in modern space operations, particularly when relying only on angular measurements. The inherent observability limitations of this approach make initial state estimation difficult, directly impacting mission safety and performance. This work proposes a hybrid estimation and control strategy for autonomous rendezvous. An active learning (AL) based algorithm designs the initial input control sequence by maximizing the exploration of the output space, thereby enhancing the observability of the initial relative state for the angle-only initial relative orbit determination (IROD) problem. The IROD solution provides a batch estimate of the initial relative state and its analytical covariance, which quantifies the estimation quality and determines the transition point to recursive filtering. Once the uncertainty is sufficiently low, an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is initialized with the IROD solution and takes over for sequential estimation, providing state estimates to a Model Predictive Controller (MPC) to complete the rendezvous. The proposed framework is validated through numerical simulations, demonstrating its ability to reliably resolve the scale ambiguity, outperform baseline excitation strategies, and successfully execute an end-to-end rendezvous from initial estimation to final approach.
title Active Learning-Based Input Design for Angle-Only Initial Relative Orbit Determination
topic Systems and Control
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.21248