Large Language Models Miss the Multi-Agent Mark

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: La Malfa, Emanuele, La Malfa, Gabriele, Marro, Samuele, Zhang, Jie M., Black, Elizabeth, Luck, Michael, Torr, Philip, Wooldridge, Michael
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2025
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author La Malfa, Emanuele
La Malfa, Gabriele
Marro, Samuele
Zhang, Jie M.
Black, Elizabeth
Luck, Michael
Torr, Philip
Wooldridge, Michael
author_facet La Malfa, Emanuele
La Malfa, Gabriele
Marro, Samuele
Zhang, Jie M.
Black, Elizabeth
Luck, Michael
Torr, Philip
Wooldridge, Michael
contents Recent interest in Multi-Agent Systems of Large Language Models (MAS LLMs) has led to an increase in frameworks leveraging multiple LLMs to tackle complex tasks. However, much of this literature appropriates the terminology of MAS without engaging with its foundational principles. In this position paper, we highlight critical discrepancies between MAS theory and current MAS LLMs implementations, focusing on four key areas: the social aspect of agency, environment design, coordination and communication protocols, and measuring emergent behaviours. Our position is that many MAS LLMs lack multi-agent characteristics such as autonomy, social interaction, and structured environments, and often rely on oversimplified, LLM-centric architectures. The field may slow down and lose traction by revisiting problems the MAS literature has already addressed. Therefore, we systematically analyse this issue and outline associated research opportunities; we advocate for better integrating established MAS concepts and more precise terminology to avoid mischaracterisation and missed opportunities.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_21298
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Large Language Models Miss the Multi-Agent Mark
La Malfa, Emanuele
La Malfa, Gabriele
Marro, Samuele
Zhang, Jie M.
Black, Elizabeth
Luck, Michael
Torr, Philip
Wooldridge, Michael
Multiagent Systems
Artificial Intelligence
Machine Learning
Recent interest in Multi-Agent Systems of Large Language Models (MAS LLMs) has led to an increase in frameworks leveraging multiple LLMs to tackle complex tasks. However, much of this literature appropriates the terminology of MAS without engaging with its foundational principles. In this position paper, we highlight critical discrepancies between MAS theory and current MAS LLMs implementations, focusing on four key areas: the social aspect of agency, environment design, coordination and communication protocols, and measuring emergent behaviours. Our position is that many MAS LLMs lack multi-agent characteristics such as autonomy, social interaction, and structured environments, and often rely on oversimplified, LLM-centric architectures. The field may slow down and lose traction by revisiting problems the MAS literature has already addressed. Therefore, we systematically analyse this issue and outline associated research opportunities; we advocate for better integrating established MAS concepts and more precise terminology to avoid mischaracterisation and missed opportunities.
title Large Language Models Miss the Multi-Agent Mark
topic Multiagent Systems
Artificial Intelligence
Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.21298