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The anomalous magnetic moment of the muon in the Standard Model: an update

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Main Authors:	Aliberti, R., Aoyama, T., Balzani, E., Bashir, A., Benton, G., Bijnens, J., Biloshytskyi, V., Blum, T., Boito, D., Bruno, M., Budassi, E., Burri, S., Cappiello, L., Calame, C. M. Carloni, Cè, M., Cirigliano, V., Clarke, D. A., Colangelo, G., Cotrozzi, L., Cottini, M., Danilkin, I., Davier, M., Della Morte, M., Denig, A., DeTar, C., Druzhinin, V., Eichmann, G., El-Khadra, A. X., Estrada, E., Feng, X., Fischer, C. S., Frezzotti, R., Gagliardi, G., Gérardin, A., Ghilardi, M., Giusti, D., Golterman, M., Gonzàlez-Solís, S., Gottlieb, S., Gruber, R., Guevara, A., Gülpers, V., Gurgone, A., Hagelstein, F., Hayakawa, M., Hermansson-Truedsson, N., Hoecker, A., Hoferichter, M., Hoid, B. -L., Holz, S., Hudspith, R. J., Ignatov, F., Jin, L., Kalntis, N., Kanwar, G., Keshavarzi, A., Komijani, J., Koponen, J., Kuberski, S., Kubis, B., Kupich, A., Kupść, A., Lahert, S., Laporta, S., Lehner, C., Lellmann, M., Lellouch, L., Leplumey, T., Leutgeb, J., Lin, T., Liu, Q., Logashenko, I., London, C. Y., Castro, G. López, Lüdtke, J., Lusiani, A., Lutz, A., Mager, J., Malaescu, B., Maltman, K., Marinković, M. K., Márquez, J., Masjuan, P., Meyer, H. B., Mibe, T., Miller, N., Miramontes, A., Miranda, A., Montagna, G., Müller, S. E., Neil, E. T., Nesterenko, A. V., Nicrosini, O., Nio, M., Nomura, D., Paltrinieri, J., Parato, L., Parrino, J., Pascalutsa, V., Passera, M., Peris, S., Rosàs, P. Petit, Piccinini, F., Pilato, R. N., Polat, L., Portelli, A., Portillo-Sánchez, D., Procura, M., Punzi, L., Raya, K., Rebhan, A., Redmer, C. F., Roberts, B. L., Rodríguez-Sánchez, A., Roig, P., de Elvira, J. Ruiz, Sánchez-Puertas, P., Signer, A., Sitison, J. W., Stamen, D., Stöckinger, D., Stöckinger-Kim, H., Stoffer, P., Sue, Y., Tavella, P., Teubner, T., Toelstede, J. -N., Toledo, G., Bobadilla, W. J. Torres, Tsang, J. T., Ucci, F. P., Ulrich, Y., Van de Water, R. S., Venanzoni, G., Volkov, S., von Hippel, G., Wang, G., Wenger, U., Wittig, H., Wright, A., Zaid, E., Zanke, M., Zhang, Z., Zillinger, M., Alexandrou, C., Altherr, A., Anderson, M., Aubin, C., Bacchio, S., Beltrame, P., Beltran, A., Boyle, P., Plasencia, I. Campos, Caprini, I., Chakraborty, B., Chanturia, G., Crivellin, A., Czarnecki, A., Dai, L. -Y., Dave, T., Del Debbio, L., Demory, K., Djukanovic, D., Draper, T., Driutti, A., Endo, M., Erben, F., Ferraby, K., Finkenrath, J., Flower, L., Francis, A., Gámiz, E., Gogniat, J., Grebe, A. V., Gündogdu, S., Hansen, M. T., Hashimoto, S., Hayashii, H., Hertzog, D. W., Heuser, L. A., Hostetler, L., Hou, X. T., Huang, G. S., Iijima, T., Inami, K., Jüttner, A., Kitano, R., Knecht, M., Kollatzsch, S., Kronfeld, A. S., Lenz, T., Levati, G., Li, Q. M., Liao, Y. P., Libby, J., Liu, K. F., Lubicz, V., Lynch, M. T., Lytle, A. T., Ma, J. L., Miura, K., Möhling, K., Muskalla, J., Noël, F., Ottnad, K., Paradisi, P., Peterson, C. T., Pich, A., Pitelis, S., Plura, S., Price, A., Radic, D., Radzhabov, A., Risch, A., Romiti, S., Sahoo, S., Sannino, F., Schäfer, H., Schelhaas, Y., Serednyakov, S. I., Shekhovtsova, O., Simone, J. N., Simula, S., Solodov, E. P., Stokes, F. M., Vanderhaeghen, M., Vaquero, A., Vestergaard, N., Wang, W. P., Wąs, Z., Yamashita, K., Yang, Y. B., Yoshioka, T., Yuan, C. Z., Zhevlakov, A. S.
Format:	Preprint
Published:	2025
Subjects:	High Energy Physics - Phenomenology High Energy Physics - Experiment High Energy Physics - Lattice Nuclear Experiment Nuclear Theory
Online Access:	Acceder al recurso
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author	Aliberti, R. Aoyama, T. Balzani, E. Bashir, A. Benton, G. Bijnens, J. Biloshytskyi, V. Blum, T. Boito, D. Bruno, M. Budassi, E. Burri, S. Cappiello, L. Calame, C. M. Carloni Cè, M. Cirigliano, V. Clarke, D. A. Colangelo, G. Cotrozzi, L. Cottini, M. Danilkin, I. Davier, M. Della Morte, M. Denig, A. DeTar, C. Druzhinin, V. Eichmann, G. El-Khadra, A. X. Estrada, E. Feng, X. Fischer, C. S. Frezzotti, R. Gagliardi, G. Gérardin, A. Ghilardi, M. Giusti, D. Golterman, M. Gonzàlez-Solís, S. Gottlieb, S. Gruber, R. Guevara, A. Gülpers, V. Gurgone, A. Hagelstein, F. Hayakawa, M. Hermansson-Truedsson, N. Hoecker, A. Hoferichter, M. Hoid, B. -L. Holz, S. Hudspith, R. J. Ignatov, F. Jin, L. Kalntis, N. Kanwar, G. Keshavarzi, A. Komijani, J. Koponen, J. Kuberski, S. Kubis, B. Kupich, A. Kupść, A. Lahert, S. Laporta, S. Lehner, C. Lellmann, M. Lellouch, L. Leplumey, T. Leutgeb, J. Lin, T. Liu, Q. Logashenko, I. London, C. Y. Castro, G. López Lüdtke, J. Lusiani, A. Lutz, A. Mager, J. Malaescu, B. Maltman, K. Marinković, M. K. Márquez, J. Masjuan, P. Meyer, H. B. Mibe, T. Miller, N. Miramontes, A. Miranda, A. Montagna, G. Müller, S. E. Neil, E. T. Nesterenko, A. V. Nicrosini, O. Nio, M. Nomura, D. Paltrinieri, J. Parato, L. Parrino, J. Pascalutsa, V. Passera, M. Peris, S. Rosàs, P. Petit Piccinini, F. Pilato, R. N. Polat, L. Portelli, A. Portillo-Sánchez, D. Procura, M. Punzi, L. Raya, K. Rebhan, A. Redmer, C. F. Roberts, B. L. Rodríguez-Sánchez, A. Roig, P. de Elvira, J. Ruiz Sánchez-Puertas, P. Signer, A. Sitison, J. W. Stamen, D. Stöckinger, D. Stöckinger-Kim, H. Stoffer, P. Sue, Y. Tavella, P. Teubner, T. Toelstede, J. -N. Toledo, G. Bobadilla, W. J. Torres Tsang, J. T. Ucci, F. P. Ulrich, Y. Van de Water, R. S. Venanzoni, G. Volkov, S. von Hippel, G. Wang, G. Wenger, U. Wittig, H. Wright, A. Zaid, E. Zanke, M. Zhang, Z. Zillinger, M. Alexandrou, C. Altherr, A. Anderson, M. Aubin, C. Bacchio, S. Beltrame, P. Beltran, A. Boyle, P. Plasencia, I. Campos Caprini, I. Chakraborty, B. Chanturia, G. Crivellin, A. Czarnecki, A. Dai, L. -Y. Dave, T. Del Debbio, L. Demory, K. Djukanovic, D. Draper, T. Driutti, A. Endo, M. Erben, F. Ferraby, K. Finkenrath, J. Flower, L. Francis, A. Gámiz, E. Gogniat, J. Grebe, A. V. Gündogdu, S. Hansen, M. T. Hashimoto, S. Hayashii, H. Hertzog, D. W. Heuser, L. A. Hostetler, L. Hou, X. T. Huang, G. S. Iijima, T. Inami, K. Jüttner, A. Kitano, R. Knecht, M. Kollatzsch, S. Kronfeld, A. S. Lenz, T. Levati, G. Li, Q. M. Liao, Y. P. Libby, J. Liu, K. F. Lubicz, V. Lynch, M. T. Lytle, A. T. Ma, J. L. Miura, K. Möhling, K. Muskalla, J. Noël, F. Ottnad, K. Paradisi, P. Peterson, C. T. Pich, A. Pitelis, S. Plura, S. Price, A. Radic, D. Radzhabov, A. Risch, A. Romiti, S. Sahoo, S. Sannino, F. Schäfer, H. Schelhaas, Y. Serednyakov, S. I. Shekhovtsova, O. Simone, J. N. Simula, S. Solodov, E. P. Stokes, F. M. Vanderhaeghen, M. Vaquero, A. Vestergaard, N. Wang, W. P. Wąs, Z. Yamashita, K. Yang, Y. B. Yoshioka, T. Yuan, C. Z. Zhevlakov, A. S.
author_facet	Aliberti, R. Aoyama, T. Balzani, E. Bashir, A. Benton, G. Bijnens, J. Biloshytskyi, V. Blum, T. Boito, D. Bruno, M. Budassi, E. Burri, S. Cappiello, L. Calame, C. M. Carloni Cè, M. Cirigliano, V. Clarke, D. A. Colangelo, G. Cotrozzi, L. Cottini, M. Danilkin, I. Davier, M. Della Morte, M. Denig, A. DeTar, C. Druzhinin, V. Eichmann, G. El-Khadra, A. X. Estrada, E. Feng, X. Fischer, C. S. Frezzotti, R. Gagliardi, G. Gérardin, A. Ghilardi, M. Giusti, D. Golterman, M. Gonzàlez-Solís, S. Gottlieb, S. Gruber, R. Guevara, A. Gülpers, V. Gurgone, A. Hagelstein, F. Hayakawa, M. Hermansson-Truedsson, N. Hoecker, A. Hoferichter, M. Hoid, B. -L. Holz, S. Hudspith, R. J. Ignatov, F. Jin, L. Kalntis, N. Kanwar, G. Keshavarzi, A. Komijani, J. Koponen, J. Kuberski, S. Kubis, B. Kupich, A. Kupść, A. Lahert, S. Laporta, S. Lehner, C. Lellmann, M. Lellouch, L. Leplumey, T. Leutgeb, J. Lin, T. Liu, Q. Logashenko, I. London, C. Y. Castro, G. López Lüdtke, J. Lusiani, A. Lutz, A. Mager, J. Malaescu, B. Maltman, K. Marinković, M. K. Márquez, J. Masjuan, P. Meyer, H. B. Mibe, T. Miller, N. Miramontes, A. Miranda, A. Montagna, G. Müller, S. E. Neil, E. T. Nesterenko, A. V. Nicrosini, O. Nio, M. Nomura, D. Paltrinieri, J. Parato, L. Parrino, J. Pascalutsa, V. Passera, M. Peris, S. Rosàs, P. Petit Piccinini, F. Pilato, R. N. Polat, L. Portelli, A. Portillo-Sánchez, D. Procura, M. Punzi, L. Raya, K. Rebhan, A. Redmer, C. F. Roberts, B. L. Rodríguez-Sánchez, A. Roig, P. de Elvira, J. Ruiz Sánchez-Puertas, P. Signer, A. Sitison, J. W. Stamen, D. Stöckinger, D. Stöckinger-Kim, H. Stoffer, P. Sue, Y. Tavella, P. Teubner, T. Toelstede, J. -N. Toledo, G. Bobadilla, W. J. Torres Tsang, J. T. Ucci, F. P. Ulrich, Y. Van de Water, R. S. Venanzoni, G. Volkov, S. von Hippel, G. Wang, G. Wenger, U. Wittig, H. Wright, A. Zaid, E. Zanke, M. Zhang, Z. Zillinger, M. Alexandrou, C. Altherr, A. Anderson, M. Aubin, C. Bacchio, S. Beltrame, P. Beltran, A. Boyle, P. Plasencia, I. Campos Caprini, I. Chakraborty, B. Chanturia, G. Crivellin, A. Czarnecki, A. Dai, L. -Y. Dave, T. Del Debbio, L. Demory, K. Djukanovic, D. Draper, T. Driutti, A. Endo, M. Erben, F. Ferraby, K. Finkenrath, J. Flower, L. Francis, A. Gámiz, E. Gogniat, J. Grebe, A. V. Gündogdu, S. Hansen, M. T. Hashimoto, S. Hayashii, H. Hertzog, D. W. Heuser, L. A. Hostetler, L. Hou, X. T. Huang, G. S. Iijima, T. Inami, K. Jüttner, A. Kitano, R. Knecht, M. Kollatzsch, S. Kronfeld, A. S. Lenz, T. Levati, G. Li, Q. M. Liao, Y. P. Libby, J. Liu, K. F. Lubicz, V. Lynch, M. T. Lytle, A. T. Ma, J. L. Miura, K. Möhling, K. Muskalla, J. Noël, F. Ottnad, K. Paradisi, P. Peterson, C. T. Pich, A. Pitelis, S. Plura, S. Price, A. Radic, D. Radzhabov, A. Risch, A. Romiti, S. Sahoo, S. Sannino, F. Schäfer, H. Schelhaas, Y. Serednyakov, S. I. Shekhovtsova, O. Simone, J. N. Simula, S. Solodov, E. P. Stokes, F. M. Vanderhaeghen, M. Vaquero, A. Vestergaard, N. Wang, W. P. Wąs, Z. Yamashita, K. Yang, Y. B. Yoshioka, T. Yuan, C. Z. Zhevlakov, A. S.
contents	We present the current Standard Model (SM) prediction for the muon anomalous magnetic moment, $a_μ$, updating the first White Paper (WP20) [1]. The pure QED and electroweak contributions have been further consolidated, while hadronic contributions continue to be responsible for the bulk of the uncertainty of the SM prediction. Significant progress has been achieved in the hadronic light-by-light scattering contribution using both the data-driven dispersive approach as well as lattice-QCD calculations, leading to a reduction of the uncertainty by almost a factor of two. The most important development since WP20 is the change in the estimate of the leading-order hadronic-vacuum-polarization (LO HVP) contribution. A new measurement of the $e^+e^-\toπ^+π^-$ cross section by CMD-3 has increased the tensions among data-driven dispersive evaluations of the LO HVP contribution to a level that makes it impossible to combine the results in a meaningful way. At the same time, the attainable precision of lattice-QCD calculations has increased substantially and allows for a consolidated lattice-QCD average of the LO HVP contribution with a precision of about 0.9%. Adopting the latter in this update has resulted in a major upward shift of the total SM prediction, which now reads $a_μ^\text{SM} = 116\,592\,033(62)\times 10^{-11}$ (530 ppb). When compared against the current experimental average based on the E821 experiment and runs 1-6 of E989 at Fermilab, one finds $a_μ^\text{exp} - a_μ^\text{SM} =38(63)\times 10^{-11}$, which implies that there is no tension between the SM and experiment at the current level of precision. The final precision of E989 (127 ppb) is the target of future efforts by the Theory Initiative. The resolution of the tensions among data-driven dispersive evaluations of the LO HVP contribution will be a key element in this endeavor.
format	Preprint
id	arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_21476
institution	arXiv
publishDate	2025
record_format	arxiv
spellingShingle	The anomalous magnetic moment of the muon in the Standard Model: an update Aliberti, R. Aoyama, T. Balzani, E. Bashir, A. Benton, G. Bijnens, J. Biloshytskyi, V. Blum, T. Boito, D. Bruno, M. Budassi, E. Burri, S. Cappiello, L. Calame, C. M. Carloni Cè, M. Cirigliano, V. Clarke, D. A. Colangelo, G. Cotrozzi, L. Cottini, M. Danilkin, I. Davier, M. Della Morte, M. Denig, A. DeTar, C. Druzhinin, V. Eichmann, G. El-Khadra, A. X. Estrada, E. Feng, X. Fischer, C. S. Frezzotti, R. Gagliardi, G. Gérardin, A. Ghilardi, M. Giusti, D. Golterman, M. Gonzàlez-Solís, S. Gottlieb, S. Gruber, R. Guevara, A. Gülpers, V. Gurgone, A. Hagelstein, F. Hayakawa, M. Hermansson-Truedsson, N. Hoecker, A. Hoferichter, M. Hoid, B. -L. Holz, S. Hudspith, R. J. Ignatov, F. Jin, L. Kalntis, N. Kanwar, G. Keshavarzi, A. Komijani, J. Koponen, J. Kuberski, S. Kubis, B. Kupich, A. Kupść, A. Lahert, S. Laporta, S. Lehner, C. Lellmann, M. Lellouch, L. Leplumey, T. Leutgeb, J. Lin, T. Liu, Q. Logashenko, I. London, C. Y. Castro, G. López Lüdtke, J. Lusiani, A. Lutz, A. Mager, J. Malaescu, B. Maltman, K. Marinković, M. K. Márquez, J. Masjuan, P. Meyer, H. B. Mibe, T. Miller, N. Miramontes, A. Miranda, A. Montagna, G. Müller, S. E. Neil, E. T. Nesterenko, A. V. Nicrosini, O. Nio, M. Nomura, D. Paltrinieri, J. Parato, L. Parrino, J. Pascalutsa, V. Passera, M. Peris, S. Rosàs, P. Petit Piccinini, F. Pilato, R. N. Polat, L. Portelli, A. Portillo-Sánchez, D. Procura, M. Punzi, L. Raya, K. Rebhan, A. Redmer, C. F. Roberts, B. L. Rodríguez-Sánchez, A. Roig, P. de Elvira, J. Ruiz Sánchez-Puertas, P. Signer, A. Sitison, J. W. Stamen, D. Stöckinger, D. Stöckinger-Kim, H. Stoffer, P. Sue, Y. Tavella, P. Teubner, T. Toelstede, J. -N. Toledo, G. Bobadilla, W. J. Torres Tsang, J. T. Ucci, F. P. Ulrich, Y. Van de Water, R. S. Venanzoni, G. Volkov, S. von Hippel, G. Wang, G. Wenger, U. Wittig, H. Wright, A. Zaid, E. Zanke, M. Zhang, Z. Zillinger, M. Alexandrou, C. Altherr, A. Anderson, M. Aubin, C. Bacchio, S. Beltrame, P. Beltran, A. Boyle, P. Plasencia, I. Campos Caprini, I. Chakraborty, B. Chanturia, G. Crivellin, A. Czarnecki, A. Dai, L. -Y. Dave, T. Del Debbio, L. Demory, K. Djukanovic, D. Draper, T. Driutti, A. Endo, M. Erben, F. Ferraby, K. Finkenrath, J. Flower, L. Francis, A. Gámiz, E. Gogniat, J. Grebe, A. V. Gündogdu, S. Hansen, M. T. Hashimoto, S. Hayashii, H. Hertzog, D. W. Heuser, L. A. Hostetler, L. Hou, X. T. Huang, G. S. Iijima, T. Inami, K. Jüttner, A. Kitano, R. Knecht, M. Kollatzsch, S. Kronfeld, A. S. Lenz, T. Levati, G. Li, Q. M. Liao, Y. P. Libby, J. Liu, K. F. Lubicz, V. Lynch, M. T. Lytle, A. T. Ma, J. L. Miura, K. Möhling, K. Muskalla, J. Noël, F. Ottnad, K. Paradisi, P. Peterson, C. T. Pich, A. Pitelis, S. Plura, S. Price, A. Radic, D. Radzhabov, A. Risch, A. Romiti, S. Sahoo, S. Sannino, F. Schäfer, H. Schelhaas, Y. Serednyakov, S. I. Shekhovtsova, O. Simone, J. N. Simula, S. Solodov, E. P. Stokes, F. M. Vanderhaeghen, M. Vaquero, A. Vestergaard, N. Wang, W. P. Wąs, Z. Yamashita, K. Yang, Y. B. Yoshioka, T. Yuan, C. Z. Zhevlakov, A. S. High Energy Physics - Phenomenology High Energy Physics - Experiment High Energy Physics - Lattice Nuclear Experiment Nuclear Theory We present the current Standard Model (SM) prediction for the muon anomalous magnetic moment, $a_μ$, updating the first White Paper (WP20) [1]. The pure QED and electroweak contributions have been further consolidated, while hadronic contributions continue to be responsible for the bulk of the uncertainty of the SM prediction. Significant progress has been achieved in the hadronic light-by-light scattering contribution using both the data-driven dispersive approach as well as lattice-QCD calculations, leading to a reduction of the uncertainty by almost a factor of two. The most important development since WP20 is the change in the estimate of the leading-order hadronic-vacuum-polarization (LO HVP) contribution. A new measurement of the $e^+e^-\toπ^+π^-$ cross section by CMD-3 has increased the tensions among data-driven dispersive evaluations of the LO HVP contribution to a level that makes it impossible to combine the results in a meaningful way. At the same time, the attainable precision of lattice-QCD calculations has increased substantially and allows for a consolidated lattice-QCD average of the LO HVP contribution with a precision of about 0.9%. Adopting the latter in this update has resulted in a major upward shift of the total SM prediction, which now reads $a_μ^\text{SM} = 116\,592\,033(62)\times 10^{-11}$ (530 ppb). When compared against the current experimental average based on the E821 experiment and runs 1-6 of E989 at Fermilab, one finds $a_μ^\text{exp} - a_μ^\text{SM} =38(63)\times 10^{-11}$, which implies that there is no tension between the SM and experiment at the current level of precision. The final precision of E989 (127 ppb) is the target of future efforts by the Theory Initiative. The resolution of the tensions among data-driven dispersive evaluations of the LO HVP contribution will be a key element in this endeavor.
title	The anomalous magnetic moment of the muon in the Standard Model: an update
topic	High Energy Physics - Phenomenology High Energy Physics - Experiment High Energy Physics - Lattice Nuclear Experiment Nuclear Theory
url	https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.21476