Advancing Expert Specialization for Better MoE

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Guo, Hongcan, Lu, Haolang, Nan, Guoshun, Chu, Bolun, Zhuang, Jialin, Yang, Yuan, Che, Wenhao, Cao, Xinye, Leng, Sicong, Cui, Qimei, Jiang, Xudong
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Guo, Hongcan
Lu, Haolang
Nan, Guoshun
Chu, Bolun
Zhuang, Jialin
Yang, Yuan
Che, Wenhao
Cao, Xinye
Leng, Sicong
Cui, Qimei
Jiang, Xudong
author_facet Guo, Hongcan
Lu, Haolang
Nan, Guoshun
Chu, Bolun
Zhuang, Jialin
Yang, Yuan
Che, Wenhao
Cao, Xinye
Leng, Sicong
Cui, Qimei
Jiang, Xudong
contents Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models enable efficient scaling of large language models (LLMs) by activating only a subset of experts per input. However, we observe that the commonly used auxiliary load balancing loss often leads to expert overlap and overly uniform routing, which hinders expert specialization and degrades overall performance during post-training. To address this, we propose a simple yet effective solution that introduces two complementary objectives: (1) an orthogonality loss to encourage experts to process distinct types of tokens, and (2) a variance loss to encourage more discriminative routing decisions. Gradient-level analysis demonstrates that these objectives are compatible with the existing auxiliary loss and contribute to optimizing the training process. Experimental results over various model architectures and across multiple benchmarks show that our method significantly enhances expert specialization. Notably, our method improves classic MoE baselines with auxiliary loss by up to 23.79%, while also maintaining load balancing in downstream tasks, without any architectural modifications or additional components. We will release our code to contribute to the community.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_22323
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Advancing Expert Specialization for Better MoE
Guo, Hongcan
Lu, Haolang
Nan, Guoshun
Chu, Bolun
Zhuang, Jialin
Yang, Yuan
Che, Wenhao
Cao, Xinye
Leng, Sicong
Cui, Qimei
Jiang, Xudong
Computation and Language
68T07
I.2.7
Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models enable efficient scaling of large language models (LLMs) by activating only a subset of experts per input. However, we observe that the commonly used auxiliary load balancing loss often leads to expert overlap and overly uniform routing, which hinders expert specialization and degrades overall performance during post-training. To address this, we propose a simple yet effective solution that introduces two complementary objectives: (1) an orthogonality loss to encourage experts to process distinct types of tokens, and (2) a variance loss to encourage more discriminative routing decisions. Gradient-level analysis demonstrates that these objectives are compatible with the existing auxiliary loss and contribute to optimizing the training process. Experimental results over various model architectures and across multiple benchmarks show that our method significantly enhances expert specialization. Notably, our method improves classic MoE baselines with auxiliary loss by up to 23.79%, while also maintaining load balancing in downstream tasks, without any architectural modifications or additional components. We will release our code to contribute to the community.
title Advancing Expert Specialization for Better MoE
topic Computation and Language
68T07
I.2.7
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.22323