MOA-2022-BLG-091Lb and KMT-2024-BLG-1209Lb: Microlensing planets detected through weak caustic-crossing signals
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| author | Han, Cheongho Lee, Chung-Uk Udalski, Andrzej Bond, Ian A. Yang, Hongjing Albrow, Michael D. Chung, Sun-Ju Gould, Andrew Jung, Youn Kil Hwang, Kyu-Ha Ryu, Yoon-Hyun Shvartzvald, Yossi Shin, In-Gu Yee, Jennifer C. Zang, Weicheng Inyanya, Tanagodchaporn Cha, Sang-Mok Kim, Doeon Kim, Dong-Jin Kim, Seung-Lee Lee, Dong-Joo Lee, Yongseok Park, Byeong-Gon Pogge, Richard W. Mróz, Przemek Szymański, Michał K. Skowron, Jan Poleski, Radosław Soszyński, Igor Pietrukowicz, Paweł Kozłowski, Szymon Rybicki, Krzysztof A. Iwanek, Patryk Ulaczyk, Krzysztof Wrona, Marcin Gromadzki, Mariusz Mróz, Mateusz J. Jaroszyński, Michał Kiraga, Marcin Abe, Fumio Bando, Ken Bennett, David P. Bhattacharya, Aparna Fukui, Akihiko Hamada, Ryusei Hamada, Shunya Hamasaki, Naoto Hirao, Yuki Silva, Stela Ishitani Koshimoto, Naoki Matsubara, Yutaka Miyazaki, Shota Muraki, Yasushi Nagai, Tutumi Nunota, Kansuke Olmschenk, Greg Ranc, Clément Rattenbury, Nicholas J. Satoh, Yuki Sumi, Takahiro Suzuki, Daisuke Terry, Sean K. Tristram, Paul J. Vandorou, Aikaterini Yama, Hibiki Tang, Yunyi Mao, Shude Maoz, Dan Zhu, Wei |
| author_facet | Han, Cheongho Lee, Chung-Uk Udalski, Andrzej Bond, Ian A. Yang, Hongjing Albrow, Michael D. Chung, Sun-Ju Gould, Andrew Jung, Youn Kil Hwang, Kyu-Ha Ryu, Yoon-Hyun Shvartzvald, Yossi Shin, In-Gu Yee, Jennifer C. Zang, Weicheng Inyanya, Tanagodchaporn Cha, Sang-Mok Kim, Doeon Kim, Dong-Jin Kim, Seung-Lee Lee, Dong-Joo Lee, Yongseok Park, Byeong-Gon Pogge, Richard W. Mróz, Przemek Szymański, Michał K. Skowron, Jan Poleski, Radosław Soszyński, Igor Pietrukowicz, Paweł Kozłowski, Szymon Rybicki, Krzysztof A. Iwanek, Patryk Ulaczyk, Krzysztof Wrona, Marcin Gromadzki, Mariusz Mróz, Mateusz J. Jaroszyński, Michał Kiraga, Marcin Abe, Fumio Bando, Ken Bennett, David P. Bhattacharya, Aparna Fukui, Akihiko Hamada, Ryusei Hamada, Shunya Hamasaki, Naoto Hirao, Yuki Silva, Stela Ishitani Koshimoto, Naoki Matsubara, Yutaka Miyazaki, Shota Muraki, Yasushi Nagai, Tutumi Nunota, Kansuke Olmschenk, Greg Ranc, Clément Rattenbury, Nicholas J. Satoh, Yuki Sumi, Takahiro Suzuki, Daisuke Terry, Sean K. Tristram, Paul J. Vandorou, Aikaterini Yama, Hibiki Tang, Yunyi Mao, Shude Maoz, Dan Zhu, Wei |
| contents | The light curves of the microlensing events MOA-2022-BLG-091 and KMT-2024-BLG-1209 exhibit anomalies with very similar features. These anomalies appear near the peaks of the light curves, where the magnifications are moderately high, and are distinguished by weak caustic-crossing features with minimal distortion while the source remains inside the caustic. To achieve a deeper understanding of these anomalies, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the lensing events. We carried out binary-lens modeling with a thorough exploration of the parameter space. This analysis revealed that the anomalies in both events are of planetary origin, although their exact interpretation is complicated by different types of degeneracy. In the case of MOA-2022-BLG-091, the main difficulty in the interpretation of the anomaly arises from a newly identified degeneracy related to the uncertain angle at which the source trajectory intersects the planet-host axis. For KMT-2024-BLG-1209, the interpretation is affected by the previously known inner-outer degeneracy, which leads to ambiguity between solutions in which the source passes through either the inner or outer caustic region relative to the planet host. Bayesian analysis indicates that the planets in both lens systems are giant planets with masses about 2 to 4 times that of Jupiter, orbiting early K-type main-sequence stars. Both systems are likely located in the Galactic disk at a distance of around 4 kiloparsecs. The degeneracy in KMT-2024-BLG-1209 is challenging to resolve because it stems from intrinsic similarities in the caustic structures of the degenerate solutions. In contrast, the degeneracy in MOA-2022-BLG-091, which occurs by chance rather than from inherent characteristics, is expected to be resolved by the future space based Roman RGES microlensing survey. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_22951 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | MOA-2022-BLG-091Lb and KMT-2024-BLG-1209Lb: Microlensing planets detected through weak caustic-crossing signals Han, Cheongho Lee, Chung-Uk Udalski, Andrzej Bond, Ian A. Yang, Hongjing Albrow, Michael D. Chung, Sun-Ju Gould, Andrew Jung, Youn Kil Hwang, Kyu-Ha Ryu, Yoon-Hyun Shvartzvald, Yossi Shin, In-Gu Yee, Jennifer C. Zang, Weicheng Inyanya, Tanagodchaporn Cha, Sang-Mok Kim, Doeon Kim, Dong-Jin Kim, Seung-Lee Lee, Dong-Joo Lee, Yongseok Park, Byeong-Gon Pogge, Richard W. Mróz, Przemek Szymański, Michał K. Skowron, Jan Poleski, Radosław Soszyński, Igor Pietrukowicz, Paweł Kozłowski, Szymon Rybicki, Krzysztof A. Iwanek, Patryk Ulaczyk, Krzysztof Wrona, Marcin Gromadzki, Mariusz Mróz, Mateusz J. Jaroszyński, Michał Kiraga, Marcin Abe, Fumio Bando, Ken Bennett, David P. Bhattacharya, Aparna Fukui, Akihiko Hamada, Ryusei Hamada, Shunya Hamasaki, Naoto Hirao, Yuki Silva, Stela Ishitani Koshimoto, Naoki Matsubara, Yutaka Miyazaki, Shota Muraki, Yasushi Nagai, Tutumi Nunota, Kansuke Olmschenk, Greg Ranc, Clément Rattenbury, Nicholas J. Satoh, Yuki Sumi, Takahiro Suzuki, Daisuke Terry, Sean K. Tristram, Paul J. Vandorou, Aikaterini Yama, Hibiki Tang, Yunyi Mao, Shude Maoz, Dan Zhu, Wei Earth and Planetary Astrophysics Astrophysics of Galaxies Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics The light curves of the microlensing events MOA-2022-BLG-091 and KMT-2024-BLG-1209 exhibit anomalies with very similar features. These anomalies appear near the peaks of the light curves, where the magnifications are moderately high, and are distinguished by weak caustic-crossing features with minimal distortion while the source remains inside the caustic. To achieve a deeper understanding of these anomalies, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the lensing events. We carried out binary-lens modeling with a thorough exploration of the parameter space. This analysis revealed that the anomalies in both events are of planetary origin, although their exact interpretation is complicated by different types of degeneracy. In the case of MOA-2022-BLG-091, the main difficulty in the interpretation of the anomaly arises from a newly identified degeneracy related to the uncertain angle at which the source trajectory intersects the planet-host axis. For KMT-2024-BLG-1209, the interpretation is affected by the previously known inner-outer degeneracy, which leads to ambiguity between solutions in which the source passes through either the inner or outer caustic region relative to the planet host. Bayesian analysis indicates that the planets in both lens systems are giant planets with masses about 2 to 4 times that of Jupiter, orbiting early K-type main-sequence stars. Both systems are likely located in the Galactic disk at a distance of around 4 kiloparsecs. The degeneracy in KMT-2024-BLG-1209 is challenging to resolve because it stems from intrinsic similarities in the caustic structures of the degenerate solutions. In contrast, the degeneracy in MOA-2022-BLG-091, which occurs by chance rather than from inherent characteristics, is expected to be resolved by the future space based Roman RGES microlensing survey. |
| title | MOA-2022-BLG-091Lb and KMT-2024-BLG-1209Lb: Microlensing planets detected through weak caustic-crossing signals |
| topic | Earth and Planetary Astrophysics Astrophysics of Galaxies Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.22951 |