Roughening and dynamics of an electric flux string in a (2+1)D lattice gauge theory
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| _version_ | 1866909628198027264 |
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| author | Di Marcantonio, Francesco Pradhan, Sunny Vallecorsa, Sofia Bañuls, Mari Carmen Ortega, Enrique Rico |
| author_facet | Di Marcantonio, Francesco Pradhan, Sunny Vallecorsa, Sofia Bañuls, Mari Carmen Ortega, Enrique Rico |
| contents | We investigate the roughening transition in the pure $\mathbb{Z}_2$ lattice gauge theory in (2+1) dimensions. Using numerical simulations with matrix product states, we explore the static and dynamical properties of an electric flux string between two static charges as the coupling is varied and approaches the deconfinement phase transition from the confined phase. Within the roughening region, we obtain the universal Lüscher correction to the confining potential and observe the expected restoration of rotational symmetry. Our simulations of the out-of-equilibrium evolution of a string reveal that the growth of the entanglement entropy of the state and the string width exhibit qualitatively different behavior in the roughening region compared to the deeply confined one. In particular, we find that the rate of entropy growth is consistent with an effective description of the string excitations by a bosonic model in the roughening phase. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_23853 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Roughening and dynamics of an electric flux string in a (2+1)D lattice gauge theory Di Marcantonio, Francesco Pradhan, Sunny Vallecorsa, Sofia Bañuls, Mari Carmen Ortega, Enrique Rico High Energy Physics - Lattice Statistical Mechanics High Energy Physics - Theory Quantum Physics We investigate the roughening transition in the pure $\mathbb{Z}_2$ lattice gauge theory in (2+1) dimensions. Using numerical simulations with matrix product states, we explore the static and dynamical properties of an electric flux string between two static charges as the coupling is varied and approaches the deconfinement phase transition from the confined phase. Within the roughening region, we obtain the universal Lüscher correction to the confining potential and observe the expected restoration of rotational symmetry. Our simulations of the out-of-equilibrium evolution of a string reveal that the growth of the entanglement entropy of the state and the string width exhibit qualitatively different behavior in the roughening region compared to the deeply confined one. In particular, we find that the rate of entropy growth is consistent with an effective description of the string excitations by a bosonic model in the roughening phase. |
| title | Roughening and dynamics of an electric flux string in a (2+1)D lattice gauge theory |
| topic | High Energy Physics - Lattice Statistical Mechanics High Energy Physics - Theory Quantum Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.23853 |