Evaluating Gender Wage Inequality in Academia using Causal Inference Methods for Observational Data

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Zhang, Zihan, Hannig, Jan
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Zhang, Zihan
Hannig, Jan
author_facet Zhang, Zihan
Hannig, Jan
contents Observational studies often present challenges for causal inference due to confounding and heterogeneity. In this paper, we illustrate how modern causal inference methods can be applied to large-scale academic salary data. Using records from 12,039 tenure-track faculty in the University of North Carolina system, linked with bibliometric indicators and institutional classifications, we estimate the causal effect of gender on faculty salaries. Our analysis combines propensity score matching with causal forests to adjust for rank, discipline, research productivity, and career experience. Results indicate that female faculty earn approximately 6% less than comparable male colleagues, with variation in the gap across career stages and levels of research productivity. This case study demonstrates how causal inference methods for observational data can provide insight into structural disparities in complex social systems.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_24078
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Evaluating Gender Wage Inequality in Academia using Causal Inference Methods for Observational Data
Zhang, Zihan
Hannig, Jan
Applications
General Economics
Economics
Observational studies often present challenges for causal inference due to confounding and heterogeneity. In this paper, we illustrate how modern causal inference methods can be applied to large-scale academic salary data. Using records from 12,039 tenure-track faculty in the University of North Carolina system, linked with bibliometric indicators and institutional classifications, we estimate the causal effect of gender on faculty salaries. Our analysis combines propensity score matching with causal forests to adjust for rank, discipline, research productivity, and career experience. Results indicate that female faculty earn approximately 6% less than comparable male colleagues, with variation in the gap across career stages and levels of research productivity. This case study demonstrates how causal inference methods for observational data can provide insight into structural disparities in complex social systems.
title Evaluating Gender Wage Inequality in Academia using Causal Inference Methods for Observational Data
topic Applications
General Economics
Economics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.24078