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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2025
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.24220 |
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| _version_ | 1866912403788136448 |
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| author | Yan, Binbin Huang, Di Liu, Jianglai Lu, Xiaoying Wan, Anqing Xiao, Mengjiao |
| author_facet | Yan, Binbin Huang, Di Liu, Jianglai Lu, Xiaoying Wan, Anqing Xiao, Mengjiao |
| contents | The PandaX-4T liquid xenon detector uses Hamamatsu 3-inch R11410-23 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) as the light sensors for ultra-low radioactivity, high quantum efficiency, and long-term stability at cryogenic temperature. Each PMT was thoroughly tested in a dedicated chamber before being installed in the detector to ensure compliance with experimental requirements. Main PMT characteristics, including gain, dark count rate, and after-pulse probability, were measured and the distributions of these parameters were presented. Additionally, all PMTs were tested in a cryogenic environment to simulate their operating conditions in an actual detector environment. Finally, we report the long-term of all PMTs during the commissioning run of the PandaX-4T experiment, and most of the PMTs worded well. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_24220 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Characterization of Hamamatsu R11410-23 Photomultiplier Tubes and Performance in the PandaX-4T Detector Yan, Binbin Huang, Di Liu, Jianglai Lu, Xiaoying Wan, Anqing Xiao, Mengjiao High Energy Physics - Experiment The PandaX-4T liquid xenon detector uses Hamamatsu 3-inch R11410-23 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) as the light sensors for ultra-low radioactivity, high quantum efficiency, and long-term stability at cryogenic temperature. Each PMT was thoroughly tested in a dedicated chamber before being installed in the detector to ensure compliance with experimental requirements. Main PMT characteristics, including gain, dark count rate, and after-pulse probability, were measured and the distributions of these parameters were presented. Additionally, all PMTs were tested in a cryogenic environment to simulate their operating conditions in an actual detector environment. Finally, we report the long-term of all PMTs during the commissioning run of the PandaX-4T experiment, and most of the PMTs worded well. |
| title | Characterization of Hamamatsu R11410-23 Photomultiplier Tubes and Performance in the PandaX-4T Detector |
| topic | High Energy Physics - Experiment |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.24220 |