Bose-Einstein Condensation, Fluctuations and Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| _version_ | 1866910046535811072 |
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| author | Crisanti, A. Sarracino, A. Zannetti, M. |
| author_facet | Crisanti, A. Sarracino, A. Zannetti, M. |
| contents | The realisation of Bose-Einstein condensation under grand-canonical conditions has provided the experimental evidence for the simultaneous occurrence of macroscopic fluctuations and phase coherence of the condensate. The observation of these two features, against a consolidated tradition which wants the fluctuations to be pathological (grand-canonical catastrophe) and incompatible with spontaneous symmetry braking, calls for a comprehensive rethinking of the approach to the problem. In this paper we consider the uniform ideal gas in a box and we present an alternative conceptual framework. We show that the usually-employed Bogoliubov quasi-average construction fails to reproduce the broken-symmetry state. The observed features are accounted for by a different pattern of spontaneous symmetry breaking, characterised by condensation of fluctuations and long-range correlations of the order parameter. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_24228 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Bose-Einstein Condensation, Fluctuations and Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking Crisanti, A. Sarracino, A. Zannetti, M. Statistical Mechanics Quantum Gases The realisation of Bose-Einstein condensation under grand-canonical conditions has provided the experimental evidence for the simultaneous occurrence of macroscopic fluctuations and phase coherence of the condensate. The observation of these two features, against a consolidated tradition which wants the fluctuations to be pathological (grand-canonical catastrophe) and incompatible with spontaneous symmetry braking, calls for a comprehensive rethinking of the approach to the problem. In this paper we consider the uniform ideal gas in a box and we present an alternative conceptual framework. We show that the usually-employed Bogoliubov quasi-average construction fails to reproduce the broken-symmetry state. The observed features are accounted for by a different pattern of spontaneous symmetry breaking, characterised by condensation of fluctuations and long-range correlations of the order parameter. |
| title | Bose-Einstein Condensation, Fluctuations and Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking |
| topic | Statistical Mechanics Quantum Gases |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.24228 |